A Dream within a Dream: A Critical Analysis Essay

A Dream within a Dream, by Edgar Allen Poe, is a poem with its central themes being sorrow, loss, confusion and frustration. The poem is divided into two stanzas, each with a different setting but both closely interconnected. It begins with the narrator kissing his lover upon their â€Å"parting† (line 2). He ponders whether everything in life is nothing but â€Å"a dream within a dream† (line 11). The second stanza depicts the narrator standing on a sea-shore while he weeps. He struggles to hold the â€Å"grains of golden sand† (line 15) within his palm, but alas, is unable to. The tighter he tries to grasp, the more they slip away. The poet, through this work of his, has portrayed his most profound feelings and thoughts. â€Å"The surf-tormented shore† (line 13) symbolizes the poet’s fraught state of mind. His mind is the shore that is â€Å"tormented† with many thoughts (surf). The grains of sand can be taken to represent the people and things that he loves in life. He communicates his sense of anguish at not being able to hold on to them, and at the thought that ultimately the â€Å"pitiless wave† (perhaps death) will carry them away. The poet twice states that he is weeping and he cries out to God. This further highlights his agonized mental and emotional state. The lines â€Å"all that we see or seem Is but a dream within a dream† are repeated twice; once as a question and the second time as a statement, possibly with a sense of hope that all the losses suffered by him are nothing but mere dreams from which he will wake. The language and strong use of symbolism by the poet endow the poem with deeper meaning. The reader can easily relate to it because each one of us undergoes this sense of agony at the loss of a loved one. We might feel that things are slipping away from our hands but we remain helpless. The poet has captured this aspect of human existence very beautifully. Although there are portions of the poem that are vague as one cannot be sure what the poet is trying to convey, the overall effect of the poem on the reader is captivating. ? Works Cited Poe, Edgar A. â€Å"A Dream within a Dream†. Poetry X. 29 Nov 2004. 14 July 2010 <

Internatiomal Relations Foreign Policy Essay

Introduction The US Foreign Policy is undisputed going global, be it in the Far East, Middle East and the Asia Pacific Regions.   The governments of the world are inherent with the same positions and policies in various aspects that pertain to political and economic security. On the other hand, the so-called policy in achieving human security varies in degrees of considerations under the constitutions of different countries. As the world watch and perseveres to achieving world order and peace, the clout and competition among powerful nations are at large. The stigma of terroristic attack on US soil has spread the slogan to end up the cowardice and treacherous act of terror of Bin Laden and its cohorts. Way back in the 60’s and 70’s, the same sloganeering of foreign policy towards strategic security have echoed in the corridors of South East Asia, as the Vietnam War   wasted thousands of American soldiers’ lives. As there was the saying goes on: â€Å"don’t fight your enemy in their own backyard†. What has most recently developed in the turn of 21st century is the strategic positioning of foreign policy as changing of the guards in allied governments progressively adhere or inclined to adopting a policy of powerful nations. The magnitude of influence, motive and clout is in the frontline of global competition in the context of socio-economic, political and social development. More so, foreign policies bring forth and reach out diplomatic ties among allies as crossing borders widens and broadens powers that be. Policy on World Order The Preemptive or preventive measures particularly on war on terrorism rooted out by 9/11 attack on US soil. The cost of American lives outlived many agonies far reaching places of the World. The war on terrorism has plagued the world order. Supported by US Congress and the UN, President Bush out cried the rage and wage of war in Middle East. Economic embargo have somewhat the most outrageous assault coupled with advanced technological armament and military troops. At the height of massive legislation of policy, advocacy and military campaigns against terrorism to surviving world order, civil wars and domestic violence upsurge in other countries. Frightening issue on manufacturing of weapons of mass destructions has dubbed the North Korea, aside from known fractured pile of lethal weaponry in Iraq and Afghanistan.   Not remote to that is the continuing reign of terror of Islamic secessionist in Asia like Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, the government have pledged its allied support to combating and annihilating substantial terrorist groups and potential enemies of the state. The dreaded Islamic secessionist Abu Sayyaf terrorist group in the Southern Philippines embarked on the first blow. The show of force and deployment of American troops in the Philippines’ war zones through the â€Å"OPLAN Balikatan† (linking shoulder) of the Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) which plays critical role to the Philippines’ armed forces. This manifests domestic implementation of foreign policy in military affairs. It cited, though, that foreign policy imposition on domestic affairs of Philippine armed forces is impartial, ever since the â€Å"OPLAN Balikatan† specifically implements only combat exercises in unfamiliar war zones or combat territories. The call of the United States to all of its allied countries and governments of the world is adhere on a policy of surviving and preserving the world order.   Thus, the US foreign policy stands on the fundamentals of international stability. National security – preemptive or preventive war strategy? The source of third world countries in achieving national security is patterned with the Protect America Act Of 2007. In which it amended the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA)†¦ â€Å"to provide intelligence community essential tools to acquire important information about terrorists who want to harm America†. (www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/nationalsecurity/) This follows the speech of US President George W. Bush on 10th October 2007: â€Å"In August, Congress passed the Protect America Act, a bill to modernize the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. This new law strengthened our ability to collect foreign intelligence on terrorists overseas, and it closed a dangerous gap in our intelligence. Since this important measure took effect, our intelligence professionals have been able to gather critical information that would have been missed without this authority. And keeping this authority is essential to keeping America safe.† Exchange of information in the parlance of clandestine sourcing involves method or techniques of achieving the so-called â€Å"intelligence network†. Whereas, nations or countries and even communities that shares the same information in order to preempt, prevent, circumvent a potential enemy attack or heist that put the state and its citizenry into woes and chaos are considered to be one in the intelligence community. The community has envelopes the security of the nation that spends the cost of peaceful life by way of ensuring and securing politically, economically and socially. Capitalism – free trade or imperialism? Free trade is a growing issue of critical importance particularly to the third world economies. Like in the Philippines, the so-called global competitiveness is over dependent on the efficiency of agriculture and the development of industries in the rural areas. It meant to be, as the open markets freely soar into sky-high pricing and inflation, the US and European markets are the major stakeholders and consumers. However, the quality and production standards are the sharp end in order to compete globally. The General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1994.   The WTO conducted negotiations through the â€Å"Uruguay Round† from September 1986 to April 1994 in Punta del Este, Uruguay. The main objectives of the Uruguay Round, according to WTO, were: â€Å"to reduce agricultural subsidies to put restrictions on foreign investment and to begin the process of opening trade in services like banking and insurance† (WTO). With the most recent conference (round of talks) in June 2007, negotiations within the Doha round broke down at a conference in Potsdam, New York, a major impasse occurred between the US, the EU, India and Brazil. The main disagreement was over opening up agricultural and industrial markets in various countries and also how to cut rich nation farm subsidies. Among the countries in South East, like the Philippines, exporting of raw materials is a major breakthrough to compete in the open market and trade. But the setback relies on achieving the quota on export volume as provided in GATT. The efficiency of production of the Philippine agriculture does not mainly rely on the efficient hardship of the farmers and other sectors in fishery and livestock. Therefore, while a third world country is unable to compete and perform its stake in the open market, the means and least it can get is the surplus technology in post-harvest equipment, manufacturing, food processing and the exploits of cheap labor force. Capitalism has long been embedded in the history of monarchies, empires and dynasties. The ploys to developing the so-called bowl of economy have been brought about by war, famine, embargo and GATT.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The capitalists’ countries pour on investments to producing raw materials which the 21st century method calls it as â€Å"out-sourcing or outbound†. The out-sourcing or sourcing out is holistic as it invests directly in labor and raw materials. The greatest leap is to amass the power and influence of governments or bureaucracy. Democracy – continuities and contradictions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The popular democracy and democratic reform amongst governments are but a manifestation of people’s sovereign and constitutional rights. Democracy is basically upholding the freedom of will and expression where the rule of law applies. Democracy sometime becomes the scapegoat of hostility where common people are compromised. The US war on terrorism, as outlined in its National Security Strategy of 2006 (NSS 2006), merely defines the democratic will to uphold a just and peaceful state. Meaning to uphold the rule of law, preserve the people’s sovereignty, and secure the state and its citizenry from external and internal hostile forces. Again the 9/11 incident have broadened the US National Strategy of 2006 to cross borders– as it reached out attack in Afghanistan and Iraq. Meanwhile, the facades of military force have shown in selective countries of the world in trail of terrorists. Over the past years after September 11th 2001, the world has witnessed the sword of Damocles unleashed in Middle East and countries in Latin America and South East Asia. The common understanding of allied countries to the US claims upheaval of human security and protecting democracies. It may be presumed with etymology that democracy is symbiotic to chaos or tyranny. The societal perception of having democracy is attained after a long dictatorial regime has reigned to power. In the Philippines, the 20-year old rule of the Marcos dictatorship has ended through a military-civilian-back revolt in 1986. The restoration of the so-called â€Å"popular democracy† have been labeled or seconded from the popular will of the Filipinos as the non-violent response dismantling the regime. Democracy can be also defined as to representing the collective and major stronghold of a sovereign people. People as it mean humans. Therefore, democracy is people, humanity and sovereign will. World peace – contributing or detracting? World peace is every man’s dream and every nation’s hope. The attainment of world peace can be perceived by attaining a world order. The world order where every nation has resolutely achieved the essence of democracy based on just and lasting peace. A government enjoys the fundamentals of peaceful co-existence with its people. The rule of law harnesses the execution of justice. The abundance of life does not show in the streets where vagabonds and beggars dwell. The ecology returns its greens and life of the wilderness from extinction. Thus, world peace shall be harmoniously shared among nations. As the United Nations (UN) calls on the world order in accord of achieving world peace, the US foreign policy, together with its strategic security programs, remains as a predominating entity with the so-called vacuum of power. The continuing effort of the United Nations to halt global hostilities, the domestic conflict and foreign aggression have transformed into different level. The US foreign policy â€Å"has an overarching policy framework that comprehends the fundamental factors shaping our world, in practice, foreign policy typically is local. In other words, foreign policy is not designed to deal with different forces separately or on a global scale, but rather with how they come together and interact to create concrete problems or opportunities in specific regions and countries† (Richard N. Haas, published article: Policymakers and the Intelligence Community Supporting Us Foreign Policy in the Post-9/11 World, CIA posted document). It can be interpreted at a layman’s understanding that the US foreign policy has a leverage to be dealt with or not. At a glance, the influence of foreign policy in the domestic political and economic affairs of a country can be superficial. It is for that particular country to be anointed with a foreign policy guideline to interact on its implementation or pattern its governmental functions. In other words, a country that adheres and implements the foreign policy complicates the fundamentals of its governance as well as the political will, economic condition and above all the lives of people. To which, the third world countries in general are in fragile condition as benefactors of foreign policy, the disarray in governmental functions and helplessness for empowerment are only fractions of cumulative result. The avenues to achieving world peace with the continuing proliferation of a foreign policy in variable methods, situations and functions of people and government is a path to a long walk home. Human rights – helping or hurting? It says that the essence of becoming a man is being human. Human right is the preservation and dignity of life, liberty, the freedom of thought and expression, the equality before the law. As the war on terrorism escalates, a large number of casualties and refugees continue to grow. Starvation is a result of dislocation from economic source or absence of food supply by economic embargo. Those are only a few result of sub-human condition in a world at war although some experts would refer to ethical parameters but still the essence of being human have denied. The Human Security Act in the Philippines have been legislated and on its infantile enforcement. The clout of enforcement have been claimed by defiant civil society groups in the Philippines as experimental and patterned to US National Security Strategy of 2006. According to reports, â€Å"a case scenario of human rights violations has risen and growing from approximate 8-10 percent in years 2006 and 2007 breaking the similar reported cases at the time of martial law from 1973 to 1986 during the Marcos government† (Philippines, Commission on Human Rights). With the clout of foreign policy in the third world countries, collateral damage in the face of the world order took place in small and starving populace. Man made disasters equals its fury to natural calamities. As though, foreign policy may not mean or intend to harm the steward of the land, the complicating effect settles its residue on the stewardship. This means the system of execution becomes hurting to the core of the society that represents community, people, family and humans. III.   Ã‚   Conclusion A thorough review on available source or reference concludes that foreign policy influences much on the context of political, economic and social function of people and its government. The reaching out to influence external or domestic affairs of allied governments is adherent and cognizant to interpretation, studies and value assessment on impact to particular governance. The sympathy, cooperation, collaboration are among the vital faculties which the foreign policy inculcate among ally countries. The strategic positioning towards world domination is to win over supporters and the like in a rallying point of waging war on terrorist. The disturbing issue on â€Å"human security†, aside from â€Å"acquiring a strategic security measure or preemptive response against terrorism†, make a distinction to the latter. However, a common understanding to safeguard the lives and property of innocent people reconcile the distinction between â€Å"human security† and â€Å"strategic security measure against terrorism†. In retrospect, the effects of US foreign policy to the third world politics and economy can be implied as a domestic affair or concern at the point of view of direct control or internal aggression over governance. What can be safely question is the coherent application of a foreign policy in an unspecified territory, characteristic in governance of an allied government, the politico-economic and politico-military condition. The magnitude of US foreign policy is characterized by its dominance towards world order. However, the resistance and defiance among other powerful nations implicates competition resulting to conflicts, political and economic sabotage. This becomes an alarming situation that threatens the life and dignity of men, women and children, as well as the economic base. A critical perception and analyses on US foreign policy can be more effectively attained deducing the roles and executions of allied countries. The criticism on influencing the governance and mandate of an allied country that patronize the foreign policy is an issue at large. â€Å"As critics of US global domination should pause and consider the alternative. If the United States retreats from its hegemonic role, who would supplant it? Not Europe, not China, not the Muslim World—and certainly not the United Nations. Unfortunately, the alternative to a single superpower is not a multilateral utopia, but the anarchic nightmare of a new Dark Age† (Ferguson, N., July/Aug. 2004, A World Without Power, Foreign Policy, Page 32-39). What sources tells about on the issue of US foreign policy is to what extent or magnitude of influence have taken place? The efforts on achieving a world order in the 21st century is deeply entangled in the history of the world where people converge in a common way of life, be it Western, Asian, Islamic. The convergence can be taken back before the development of society from its primitive communal state. The freedom or liberty of humankind, the practices and traits of people, the social order and democratization are the consistent fundamentals of a world order. Therefore, the US foreign policy is cognizant to the fundamentals and potentialities of stability in its international relations, diplomatic values amongst nations. The only way that the political will of a foreign policy is a mighty sword and sharpened by the challenges it confronts. Bold and daring as it is intact of historically inherited dominion from the battle frontiers of France, Great Britain and Germany to the Pearl Harbor, Iraq and Afghanistan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The casualties in the effects of war on terrorism can be assessed as a pragmatic result of human and technical error. The debris from the destruction was fragments of reality in order to regain. The critical issues on national security, economy, governance and peoples’ democracy progressively draws conscience and awareness among leaders of nations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The consensus on US foreign policy in developing countries has much drawn critical importance to minimize the adversity in political, economic aspects and human suffering. That is for allied governments to make use the influence of foreign policy in the objective condition of its governance, mandate and the sovereign will of the people. REFERENCES Excerpt: speech of US president George W. Bush, October 10th 2007; The Uruguay Round, General Agreement on Tariff and Trade, World Trade Organization (WTO); Policymakers and the Intelligence Community Supporting Us Foreign Policy in the Post-9/11 World,     Richard N. Haas, CIA posted document; Commission on Human Rights, Philippines, September 2007; Published Article, US National Security Strategy of 2007;

Kurtz’s Downfall in Heart of Darkness

Sophocles once said, â€Å"Money: There’s nothing in the world so demoralizing as money.† Since the beginning of time, humans have associated money with tearing away people’s goodness or, for a more known example, the saying that money is the root of all evil. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, Kurtz exemplifies this exact situation of becoming somewhat addicted to gaining riches and lets his darker side take control. This tragic obsession eventually leads to his character’s downfall. Kurtz is a character who takes his success in his job and his power over the â€Å"savages† very seriously and accepts darkness into his life because of the hunger for money. Making money is like a religion to him. He uses this power in the business as an intimidation tool. Marlow recalls a conversation with a chap on the boat in which the man states, â€Å"He declared he would shoot me unless I gave him the ivory and then cleared out of the country, because he could do so, and had a fancy for it, and then there was nothing on earth to prevent him killing whom he jolly well pleased† (Conrad, 315). The people underneath Kurtz are complaisant because he had been put up so high on a pedestal and was so incredibly intimidating. Through his job, Kurtz is put into a position of power and was able to choose the path he wanted to take. Obviously, he chooses to respond to that inner darkness deep inside of him. Kurtz is not afraid to hurt anyone who stands in his way. He abuses the â€Å"savages† with his lack of morality and takes away their native riches. His family life, with his intended, slopes downhill as he has another mistress amongst the tribe. She never knows this, but the idea and regret of it is one of the things that eventually drives Kurtz to be somewhat insane. Marlow is extremely perplexed by Kurtz and wishes to understand him, although he does not know why. He sees what Kurtz is doing is wrong and, in a sense, I think Marlow wants to save him from himself. Marlow recognizes that Kurtz’s biggest problem is what lies within him. However, towards the end of Kurtz’s life, Marlow seems to have given up hope for him ever finding the goodness. Conrad writes: â€Å"But his soul was mad. Being alone in the wilderness, it had looked within itself and, by heavens! I tell you, it had gone mad! I had- for my sins, I suppose- to go through the ordeal of looking into it myself. No eloquence could have been so withering to one’s belief in mankind as his final burst of sincerity. He struggled with himself, too. I saw it- I heard it. I saw the inconceivable mystery of a soul that knew no restraint, no faith, and no fear, yet struggling blindly with itself.† (325) Marlow clearly recognizes the fact that the love of money has taken over Kurtz and his demons all come from within. Realizing this, he sees the need to do a little soul searching. He looks within himself to assure that he has not become a victim to the darkness as well. Through a story about a search for the riches of ivory from Africa, Conrad is able to teach the reader many very important life lessons. In a way, he gives the reader an ultimatum. A person can either choose a life like Kurtz’s, a money hungry and selfish one taken over by the darkness of one’s soul, or a life of light such as Marlow’s. Hopefully after reading of Kurtz’s death during which he spoke his last words, â€Å"the horror,† the reader will see which lifestyle Conrad is encouraging. Kurtz dies in regret for all of the horrible things he had done. Marlow sees this and knows that he cannot submit to his darkness within for fear of having the same fate. Marlow was able to learn by example of how not to end up with a life that is â€Å"hollow at the core.† I find it very ironic that even though Kurtz was in search of something so beautiful and appealing, he ends up finding death and darkness instead. In conclusion, it is apparent what caused Kurtz’s tragic downfall. His love for money, power, and success drives him to a point of madness and, ironically, failure in life as a whole. He affects those around him, such as Marlow and the â€Å"savages†, by exemplifying his darker side. This submission to the darkness of his soul, caused by the love and hunger for money, demoralizes Kurtz’s character until his life is no longer anything of importance.

The Impact of E-Commerce on International Business Essay

The Impact of E-Commerce on International Business - Essay Example And e-commerce often becomes handy in making products or services available to the consumer that may not be available in his country/area of residence. In simple words, e-commerce makes international markets easier, cheaper, and faster for the vendor as well as the consumer. But it must be admitted that e-commerce has its own disadvantages too, especially while coming to Internet security and delay in receiving the product ordered. The study on â€Å"Impact of E-Commerce on International Marketing† conducted by Payman, Rosamaria, Marco, Anand, Robert and Xiaowen in 2006 defines e-commerce as follows: â€Å"Electronic commerce primarily consists of the distributing, buying, selling, marketing and servicing of products or services over electronic communications systems such as the Internet and other computer networks like extranets, e-mail, e-books, databases and mobile phones† (Payman, Rosamaria, Macro, Anand, Robert, and Xiaowen). All kinds of commerce including B2B, B2 C and C2C activities are performed in a number of ways including electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, online marketing, etc. As per the above mentioned study (Payman et al.), a voluminous sale of $12.2 billion took place in 2003 via e-commerce. Today, the World Wide Web has emerged as the exclusive venue of e-commerce ventures as it is the most widespread communication network of the world. A number of e-commerce companies took their shape in 1990s, but the â€Å"dot.com† collapse of 2000 and 2001 was a major setback for them. It was at the beginning of the new millennium that e-commerce received the popular attention and acceptance which it boasts about today. The extent and expansion of e-commerce relies cliquishly on the expansion of technology. E-Commerce is widespread in almost all the developed countries but it is still in primary stages of growth in many industrialized countries and is apparently non-existent in a good proportion of the third world count ries. Electronic Commerce is, of course, a new methodology in global trade and commerce. A paper by Kuzic, Fisher and Scollar that studies the impact of e-commerce in Australia points out that e-commerce has its own tangible and intangible benefits. As Kuzic, Fisher and Scollary state, e-commerce is mainly â€Å"enhanced business efficiency, a boost in the automation of processes, transformation of traditional market chain, retained and expanded customer base, reduced operation costs and acquisition of a niche market† which are regarded as the tangible benefits; and, â€Å"enhancing education and well-being of consumers, consumer loyalty, competitive advantage and convenient shopping† are the intangible advantages. Many of these are clearly benefits that no other way of trading involves. E-Commerce is beneficial not only for the merchant but also for the consumer because it offers a wide range of products to choose the best from, and the remarkable speed of the process es cannot be found anywhere else. Compared to traditional markets, the transactions take place between the seller and buyer directly and no intermediates are present contrary to the traditional markets. When we think how the international market has been benefited out of e-commerce, a common opinion

Discuss some of the key challenges in the reporting of war from the Essay

Discuss some of the key challenges in the reporting of war from the frontline and the roof top. What are the implications for re - Essay Example Due to such a high level of overall importance with relation to the role that the these reporters play in integrating key facts to the general public, this analysis will consider the key challenges that front line journalists face, key challenges that roof-top journalists face, the issue of balance/bias in reporting, and the implications for reporting upon and understanding conflicts in the current system. As a function of this, this short analytical piece will seek to define the roll of a rooftop reporter as well as the role of an embedded reporter, seek to draw inference to the types of situations they have been, and likely will continue to be exposed to within the near future as well as drawing a level of interpretation with regards to overall bias that such journalists must face. Firstly, with regard to the front line journalist, this is something that has been in existence since the earliest conflicts in human history. There have always been citizen reporters that had sent lette rs or messages home so that these could be read by the appropriate authorities/loved ones as a means of better understanding the given conflict (Cameron et al 2005). After the Crimean War, the role of the war journalist and front-line reporter was greatly aided by the inclusion of photographic images that detailed the plights of the combatant and the harsh realities or patriotic fervor that was intended to be represented. Of course the advent of film greatly added to the means whereby the front line reporter could hope to integrate key information to the audience. Likewise, the availability of the internet and the use of satellite phones enabled with video has only served to further enhance the role that these reporters play in bringing key facts to the viewing populace at home (Boylan 2011). Although the role of the front-line reporter has enabled individuals half a world away to quickly understand and integrate with certain aspects of the situation that is unfolding on the ground, it does represent a unique level of key challenges which will be discussed. The first of these determinants is of course the full scope and overview that the front-line reporter is able to understand and integrate with. Although it is useful to integrate with the viewing public how the situation appears on the micro scale, this is of course invariably at the expense of a more full and nuanced view of how the broader conflict is progressing (Hannon 2008). Similarly, with regards to the overall balance and bias that is interjected into the report, the proceeding section will cover this in some depth; yet, suffice it to say that the level to which non-bias can be presented with a reporter who is ultimately embedded with shareholders within the conflict is quite high (Emeigh 2003). The use of the embedded reporter was perfectly exhibited during the recent invasion of Iraq. The United States, as well as the United Kingdom and other actors, participated in the action all the while utiliz ing embedded reporters within their armies as a means of reporting back to the citizen at home with regards to t

Quality and environmental management systems 111 Essay

Quality and environmental management systems 111 - Essay Example If Timmerhus wishes to integrate its QMS and EMS into a single system, then this can be achieved because the International Standards ISO 9000:2000 governing the QMS and ISO 14001:1996 have been designed in such a way as to be compatible with one another. Many organizations find integration easier when they have already implemented QMS (Darnall 2002, 143). These systems can thus be integrated to increase their overall effectiveness and to achieve efficiency in the use of organizational resources. Curkovic (2004, 164) explains that the two systems can be integrated with minimal extra expenditure to achieve significant synergy. The eight principles of QMS (Singhal and Singhal 2008, 15) and the five principles of EMS have much in common to enable them to be integrated to a great extent (Bose 2011, 380). For instance, much of the planning requirements for the QMS and EMS can be met by a single set of procedures and resources. For instance, the documentation requirements for QMS specified in Section 4.2 of ISO 9001, including documentation control and control of records, can be prepared through the same procedures used to prepare the EMS documentation required under Section 4.4.4 of ISO 14001. ... Communication channels can also be integrated for the two systems. Finally, the internal audit required under Section 8.2.2 of ISO 9001 and the EMS audit required under Section 4.5.4 of ISO 14001 can also be achieved through an integrated system that uses a common pool of organizational resources and processes (Whitelaw 2004, 133). In general, a number of activities including planning, management review, internal audit and control mechanisms can be shared in common by the QMS and EMS in an integrated system. Kymal (2004, 74) recommends a common internal communication system for the integrated QMS and EMS. However, Timmerhus management needs to ascertain whether the employees are sufficiently fluent in the use of the existing QMS system to make the integration of the new EMS system a profitable decision. Significant Environmental Aspects of Timmerhus UK Ltd Although prefabricated construction is said to be environmentally friendly compared to traditional forms of construction, the lik elihood of Timmerhus having significant environmental aspects of its own manufacturing processes and operations cannot be excluded. The company is likely to have an impact on the environment as a result of its use of natural resources in the process of manufacturing, transportation of supplies and finished goods, and in the disposal of defective items and waste. These actions can have an impact on the communities and the natural environment. Hence, it is essential that the company be aware of such environmental impacts and take steps to address them in its environmental policy and the EMS. The primary natural resource used in the manufacturing process of custom-designed prefabricated housing materials is

Tourism Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tourism Planning - Essay Example otes, it must be noted that nowhere within this description of how tourism development planning should take place is there referenced a discussion of the fact that the economic trends within the market are not guaranteed to continue to exist perennially (Scutariu, 2012). In short, any individual with a working knowledge of how the economy operates notes that key factors within the global market can increase or decrease the level of profitability that a given sector might be able to enjoy in any given year (Razzaq et al., 2012). Circumstantial evidence of this can of course be presented with regards to the way in which many individuals within the natural gas producing nations around the globe state the future of their nations and economic wealth that they might hope to effect within the immediate future upon the belief that all market conditions will remain constant (Gracan et al., 2010). However, beginning around the year 2004, it was noted that global natural gas reserves were in fa ct much larger than anticipated and the price premiums that had been paid for this natural gas plummeted (RUSE? et al., 2012). Although it may seem as something of a stretch to compare the way in which the natural gas market change in the way in which the tourism industry may change, it is nonetheless a salient point to consider the fact that the economic trends within the global market do not allow anyone industry to expect a period of sustained economic growth with no threats which might undercut this potential growth in the future (OGARLACI & POPA, 2012). By comparison, the statement of the fact that tourism planning only involves deciding what to build and where represents a great deal of strength and for Rhapsody as well. For instance, the PESETL analysis, and economic analysis that... From the previous analysis, it can and should be definitively noted that the greatest portion of decision-making ability and skill that the tourism planner must have is truly contingent upon the need of deciding what building where. However, with that being said, it is also a fundamentally important for the tourism planner to understand each of the attributed means by which this decision is impacted. Although the analysis has been thorough in anticipating and briefly discussing each of these, the truth of the matter is that there is, in fact, a great litany of other mechanisms through which the tourism planner must engage in order to make a well-informed and accurate decision (Borma, 2012). Without question, the role of the tourism planner is a stressful one due to the fact that multiple millions of dollars can be tied up in a single development, the necessity of making a well-informed and pertinent decision is paramount. With all that being said, it must be understood that a thought ful process must be engaged in order to make any other changes referenced within this brief analysis. If a nuanced and definitive process is engaged but is cognizant of the analysis, as well as many of the other decisions and choices that of the reference, it is likely that the decision of what to build and where can more effectively and appreciably be accomplished. However, if an individual PESTEL tourism planner merely seeks to engage a decision based upon simple determinants, the result will almost invariably be a disaster.

U.S. Supreme Court review of Gideon v. Wainwright Essay

U.S. Supreme Court review of Gideon v. Wainwright - Essay Example No history of the right to counsel could be complete without a discussion of Gideon v. Wainwright - one of the best-known and most significant right to counsel decisions rendered by the Supreme Court. The Warren Court's landmark 1963 opinion in Gideon revisited the issue confronted twenty years earlier in Betts v. Brady - the scope of an indigent defendant's constitutional entitlement to government-provided assistance in state court. The Gideon Court's straightforward, unanimous holding constituted the last major step in the historical expansion of the constitutional right to counsel in America. Its forceful reasoning elevated the status of the right to counsel to new heights, giving it an honored place as the most fundamental of all rights guaranteed to the accused.Mr. Gideon was charged with the crime of breaking and penetrating a poolroom with the aim to commit a misdemeanor. He appeared in court without an attorney. Because he could not afford to have a lawyer, he claimed that th e judge appoint counsel. The judge did not accept the request, informing him that Florida law permitted appointed counsel only in capital cases. In the trial that followed, Gideon made an opening statement, cross-examined government witnesses, called his own witnesses, declined to testify, and made a short closing argument. The jury found him guilty, and he was sentenced to five years in prison. The Florida Supreme Court denied a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. To reconsider the issue resolved in Betts v. Brady, the Supreme Court granted review. The Court first observed that the facts of Betts and Gideon were so similar that the holding of Betts, if still good law, would require rejection of Gideon's contention that he had a due process entitlement to appointed counsel. The Court then declared, however, that after reconsidering the Betts holding, it had decided that it should be overruled. According to the Gideon Court, the fundamental nature of the right to counsel had been established in Powell v. Alabama - ten years before Betts was decided. Although the Powell Court had limited its holding to the particular circumstances of the case, "its conclusions about the fundamental nature of the right to counsel [were] unmistakable" (cited in Van Gerven 97). Moreover, in subsequent cases, including Johnson v. Zerbst, the Court had made it clear that the assistance of counsel was " 'necessary to insure basic human rights of life and liberty.' " By failing to acknowledge that the assistance of counsel is always essential for a fair trial and concluding that the " 'appointment of counsel is not a fundamental right,' " the Court's opinion in Betts v. Brady "made an abrupt break with its well-considered precedents" (ibid.). In so doing, it had erred. Precedent was not the only reason to declare Betts misguided. "[R]eason and reflection" also led to the "obvious truth" that "in our adversary system of criminal justice, any person haled into court, who is too poor to hire a lawyer, cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided for him" (cited in Garcia 70). After all, the government deems it essential to have lawyers prosecute criminal cases, and few criminal defendants who can afford them "fail to hire the best lawyers they can get." These are "strong[] indicationsat lawyers in criminal courts are necessities, not luxuries." From the start, American law has put "great emphasis on procedural and substantive safeguards designed to assure fair trials before impartial tribunals in which every defendant stands equal before the law. This noble ideal cannot be realized if the poor man charged with crime has to face his accusers without a lawyer to assist him" (cited in Alfieri 1459). As the Powell Court had observed, the righ t to be heard would mean little if it did not include the right to be heard through counsel. Even intelligent laypersons lack the legal skill and knowledge required to adequately defend against accusations. Although they may in fact be innocent, they

US foreign policy and history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

US foreign policy and history - Essay Example The American Civil War of 1861 - 1865 remains the most severe military action the US has been involved in. That war between the North and South would have great consequence upon the political, economic, military, and social life of the country.Although these consequences have been discussed by several generations of American and foreign historians, the debate is still far from being over.Politically, the War resolved arguably the key problem that persisted since the American Revolution of 1776: it proved that the republic is capable of coping with both external and internal threats. Until the War many predicted that the US would follow the same pattern many republics did in the 18th and 19th centuries: either collapse into tyranny or suffer a series of overthrows and devastating civil wars. The victory of the North in the War unified the nation and convincingly proved the United States' viability as a federal republic: since the War ended in 1965, no state has attempted secede from t he federation (McPherson, 1989). Besides, the War eliminated any doubts regarding supremacy of the Federal government over the states' authorities. Another critically important outcome of the Civil War was abolishment of the slavery. The 13th Amendment, establishing the Freedmen's Bureau (March 1865) which provided food, medical aid, and education to freed people, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 which granting citizenship to blacks and authorized the federal government to protect their rights, and the 14th Amendment - these critically important documents have become the direct outcome of the Civil War. Evidently, the emancipation of 4 million slaves strongly affected economic life, social relations, and military institutions - literally each sphere of life - but in the first turn this accomplishment of the victors should be addressed as a political issue due to the following reasons. In the middle of the 19th century, the United States was powerful enough to equally compete with many E uropean countries and be regarded as an influential international force. However, legalized slavery - an ugly anachronism of the Dark Ages - seriously undermined the country's reputation in the eyes of European countries (Brinkley et al, 1991). Although the legislative amendments failed to immediately win equal rights for black citizens, emancipation of slaves raised international prestige of the United States as a civilized country. One of the most often admitted reasons for the Civil War was determination of the South to preserve their traditional agrarian society based upon labor of slaves. Although the system brought large profits to the Southern slavocracy, it represented a huge contrast with the capitalist North were wage labor prevailed, which slowed down development of capitalism in the United States (McPherson, 1989). The Northern victory removed that harmful contrast, finally caused the Industrial Revolution in the South, and turned the American economic system homogeneous thus opening the way for further development of capitalist relations in the country. The War also stimulated the Northern industry. Producers of arms, munitions, canneries and meat packers made striking profits during the four years of war. A number of farmers had to take weapons and change their traditional occupation while the army required a lot of farm products -that combination of circumstances stimulated development of the farm machine industry and growing prosperity of Northern farmers. However, when the War was over, the farmers found out that rapid onset of new technical devices coupled with availability of new lands in the South dropped prices for the agricultural production. Many authorities admit that precisely at that time American farmers lost much of their former independence (Brinkley et al,

How accounting affect stock price Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How accounting affect stock price - Essay Example Unexpected good accounting performance has a significant effect on CEO’s pay for a short time. However, on long-term basis, the trend reverses, and the pay starts decreasing and thus the benefits accrued evens out. However, in the compensation using the stock price performance, a good stock price translates into increased CEO salary, which on the long-run maintains the rise. Accounting performance is arrived at by an aggregate evaluation of all the subunits of the firm. Acquiring all the required information in computing the aggregate departmental performance is a tedious exercise that takes quite a considerable amount of time. A poor performance in one department is likely to negatively affect the other entire firm. Thus, to ensure a high performance level, the CEO must focus on an increasing performance of all the departments of the firm. Accounting performance is very useful when issuing promotions to various departmental managers and supervisors. The best performing managers and supervisors, and the ones who have maintained an upward trend are awarded with promotions, but not the best method to use in determining a CEO’s compensation. A firm could register an upward growth for a number of years, but assume an upward diminishing growth. This phenomenon occurs when the firm achieves its maximum growth, where all resources are utilized to the optimum. At this point, the firm cannot grow anymore since all its resources are fully utilized. The growth thus becomes stagnant. A CEO who is compensated using this method will start receiving decreasing remuneration as the firm’s performance starts decreasing. In contrary to the accounting performance, the stock prices method does not reach a maximum growth level. A CEO who works hard to achieve growth of the firms’ stock prices has no limit to the level at which they can

North American civilizations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

North American civilizations - Assignment Example Mississippi culture was actually a mound-building culture of Native Americans and it originated and flourished in the areas presently known as mid-western, eastern and southeastern United States around 800 CE to 1500 CE. The life at Mississippi began to flourish in the river valleys of Mississippi and Tennessee. Mississippian started rich food exchange thereby introducing the barter system which started impacting a lot in their society through networking and it is through the process of food exchange that they introduced in their culture, they flourished and made contacts with other cultures and provinces too. Maize-based agriculture was also an important attribute of the period and it supported a large population and craft specialization. The earthwork of the Mississippian culture was significant consisting of pyramid mounds or platform mounds and were generally square, rectangular and sometimes circular in shape. Domestic houses, temples or burial buildings were constructed on those mounds. Trade was widespread during this period and extended to far west to the Rockies, in north till the Great Lakes and to the Gulf of Mexico in the South and to the Atlantic Ocean in the East. The leadership of the Mississippian culture was great and influential. Within the culture, the leadership was hierarchy based and where one major centre with Mounds gives clear indication of control and influence over other lesser communities, it also clearly portrays a clear centralization of controlled combination of political or religious power in the hands of single Supreme or few others (US National Park Service, â€Å"The Mississippian and Late Prehistoric

Feminist Movement Essay Example for Free

Feminist Movement Essay Feminism is a significant theme addressed in many literary works of the contemporary period. In the 1800s and early 20th century, many women were oppressed and denied the right to equal opportunities that men were granted. However, after the active and significant role women played in World War II, a drastic change occurred. Women began to play a more respected and crucial role in society. Many women abandoned their expected roles as housewives and mothers and looked for other valued opportunities. This societal shift became a political movement and spawned the social theory of feminism. There was a momentous crusade for equal rights. Women were motivated to eliminate the gender stereotyped roles that were hindering their progression in society. Women began to openly voice their beliefs on equality. They fought for social, political, and economic equality. This movement inspired many female writers to challenge the sexist ideologies held against women and advocate the right for equality in their poems, stories, and novels. Two significant contemporary feminist writers of this period are Margaret Atwood and Sally Ito. Atwood and Itos literary works stress female empowerment, equality, celebrate womanhood, and portray the importance of the female role in society. Margaret Atwood conveys powerful and passionate feminist themes, issues, and conflicts through many of her literary works. Atwood portrays a realistic view and illustration of women in society, focusing on the ways in which females are hindered and victimized by gender-typing and stereotypes. In the prose, Happy Endings, Atwood mocks and argues against the traditional fairy tale of the ideal relationship between men and women. She challenges the stereotypical characterization of men and women through different scenarios, using satire to poke fun at societys flawed misconceptions about relationships between the sexes. In scenario A, the ideal husband and wife, John and Mary, live happily in their nice house, have interesting careers, two children, an active social life, and are able to retire living out the rest of their life happily (Atwood). Atwood mocks this scenario as the fairy tale life and argues that it is unrealistic to the lives of contemporary families and relationships. In another scenario, Atwood tackles the challenging task of displaying a more realistic relationship and the appalling way in which women are sometimes treated. Atwood illustrates the  character of Mary as weak and regarded by John as an object. Mary worries about pleasing John and is determined to get his attention by preparing him dinner and looking nice for him. John, however, does not care about Mary and . . . merely uses her body for selfish pleasure and ego gratification of a tepid kind (Atwood). Mary believes that she can use sex as a weapon to hold on to John. She is blinded by her love for him and refuses to accept or believe that she is treated badly by John. Atwood states that, John goes out the door with hardly so much as a good-night and three days later he turns up at six oclock and they do the whole thing over again (Atwood). Mary is trapped in a vicious loveless cycle with John. She is unable to find the strength to break this cycle and fears she is nothing without John. In another scenario, Atwood addresses freedom in relationships and the notorious double-standard theory. Mary is stuck in a relationship between two men, John and James. John is an older married man having an affair with Mary, but is in love with her. James is a wild young man free from lifes commitments. Mary is not impressed by John, but is infatuated by James free and unbridled life. James is often away seeing the world upon the seat of his flashy motorcycle. Atwood states that, Freedom isnt the same for girls, so in the meantime Mary spends Thursday evenings with John. Thursdays are the only days John can get away (Atwood). Marys life is insignificant and she is stifled into planning her life around John and James. This scenario displays the subservient and obedient roles women were expected to take on in many relationships. In the remaining scenarios of Atwoods prose, Happy Endings, two other characters are introduced, Fred and Madge. These characters illustrate more practical and equal roles in the male-female relationship. Atwood erases the sexist ideologies against women in these scenarios, concluding that whatever the relationship story may be . . . the endings are the same however you slice it (Atwood). The reality is men and women both die and that in life, women should not be considered submissive idealists. Sally Ito also celebrates womanhood and feminism in many of her literary works. Ito voices strong feminist themes, depicting women as empowering and compelling figures. She centers much of her writing on portraying women realistically and commemorating the bonds shared by women. In the poems,  Sonata for Three Sleeping Women and Sisters of the Modern Mind, Ito honors the bonds of sisterhood and links the diverse stages and experiences of a womans life. The poem, Sonata for Three Sleeping Women, illustrates Itos feminist view of the remarkable journey from girlhood into womanhood. Ito relates the innocence and purity of childhood to a peacefully sleeping child, . . . dreaming of the nights darkness passing in grace of he who answers prayers forever (Ito). The child breathes easy and gently, sheltered from the world and its pain. Ito compares new love and passion to a young woman tensely sleeping anticipating, . . . the brink of loves summation (Ito). A picture is painted of the dreams of many young women and the beauty of everlasting love. Ito describes old age as the realization that life is not forever and the significance of every night and breath. Darkness signifies the end of each day and women are able to cherish their memories and Now breath for breaths sake (Ito). In the poem, Sisters of the Modern Mind, Ito describes the special and unique bond of sisterhood. She conveys that, in life, women can take many different courses. Some women are stimulated by the need for knowledge and intellectual growth. Other women seek out stimulating careers, while others long for the love and nurturing bonds of motherhood. Women have the freedom to take on many of these roles in society and are not to be hindered or pigeonholed into one stereotypical category. The diverse stages and paths of life are what link women together as sisters. Ito reveals that, . . . time and anatomy still wear at our bones like the tide upon the sand that tosses the jeweled shells, you and I, sisters, of the wave (Ito, 188). Women are affected the same by time and the experience of lifes journey. This is what Ito emphasizes as the remarkable bond of sisterhood. The literary works by Margaret Atwood and Sally Ito convey a very powerful, realistic, and feminist view of women in the contemporary period. They honor and celebrate womanhood in many of their writings helping to eliminate the sexist ideologies held against women in society. Atwood and Ito were significantly inspired by the feminist movement and its impact on modern society. Their literary works signify the crusade for equal rights and pay tribute to the emancipated female in contemporary times.

Otto Hahn: Biography

Otto Hahn: Biography Otto Hahn By Eli Biedenbender Otto Hahn was a brilliant german chemist, who was regarded as â€Å"the father of nuclear chemistry† for his work in radiochemistry and radioactivity. He also was a great political activist fully against future testing or use of the nuclear weapons. Otto was the son of a prosperous glazier and entrepreneur Glasbau Hahn and his wife Charlotte Hahn. Otto was born in south Germany (Frankfurt am Main) on March 8th 1879. He was the youngest of the family and had three brothers Karl, Heiner and Julius. Ottos started to have an interest in chemistry at the age of 15 but his father wanted him to become an architect, but he ended up going to University of Marburg for chemistry. He began to study chemistry and mineralogy with side interest in philosophy and physics. Later in his college career Otto drops some physics and science related classes in favor of art and philosophy. During his college years he was in a student fraternity which is a forerunner of todays Nibelungia Fraternity an d he graduated with his doctorate in 1901. After graduation Otto does a year of military service and comes back to the university to work as a chemistry leacture assassist with hopes of going into industry, but after two years he moved to London to learn english and do research with Sir WIlliam Ramsay. While with Ramsay, Otto was purifying a crude radium and discovered a new radioactive substance, which he called radiothorium. Excited by his early success and encouraged by Ramsay, he decided to continue with research on radioactivity rather than go into industry. With Ramsay’s support he obtained a post at the University of Berlin. Before taking it up, he decided to spend several months in Montreal with Ernest Rutherford to gain further experience with radioactivity. After returning to Germany, Hahn was joined by Lise Meitner, an Austrian-born physicist, and five years later they moved to the new Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry. There Hahn became head of a small, independent department of radiochemistry. Otto met his wife to be, Edith Junghans, an art student at the Kà ¶nigliche Kunstschule (Royal Academy of Art) in Berlin. The couple married in Ediths native city of Stettin, on 22 March 1913. Sadly World War I started the year after their marriage. REsulting in Hahn have to go to war. Otto was enlisted to a regiment, that was focused on the development of chemical warfare. In the regiment he worked with James Franck and Gustav Hertz, under the direction of Fritz Haber. Otto’s unit created and tested poison gas that was produced for military purposes. In December 1916, Hahn was transferred out of the front lines back to Berlin, where he was able to resume his radiochemical research. After the war, Hahn devoted himself to his work on radioactivity and with Meitner’s help, they were among the first to isolate protactinium-231, an isotope of a recently discovered (at that time) radioactive element protactinium. Otto then devoted the next 12 years of his career to study us efulness of radioactive methods to solve chemical problems. On February 1921, Otto finally published his first report on the discovery of uranium Z (later known as Pa 234 ), the first example of nuclear isomerism, this became a huge principle after Otto’s time when nuclear physics started getting more attention. In 1934 Hahn found the work of Enrico Fermi, which found that when the heaviest natural element, uranium, is hit by neutrons, several radioactive â€Å"daughter† molecules are created. Fermi’s results stated that artificial elements were formed that were comparable uranium. Hahn, Meitner and Strassmann repeated Fermi’s experiment and obtained results that were comparable with Fermi’s results but as the team did more trails, the data got worse. The Hahn group did discover that multiple isotopes of four elements resulted from the fission of uranium and that those elements had atomic numbers of 93 through 96.This was later was found to be wron g. Hahn’s group was the first scientists to calculate the half-life of U 239 which also proved chemically that it is an isotope of U. They were unable to identify the decay product of 239 U and continue this work to its fruition. The decay product is neptunium but this task was completed later by Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson. In the year 1938 Meitner fled Germany to escape the persecution of the Jews, but Hahn and Strassmann stayed and continued the research. Hahn was her secret supporter gave her a diamond ring he had inherited from his mother, to be used to bribe the frontier guards if required. In late 1938 Hahn and Strassmann found isotopes of an alkaline earth metal in the by-products produced from a nuclear reactions. The metal was found to be organic barium salt. Finding an alkaline earth metal in the results did not fit with the other elements found but was a major step in their research. Hahn though that the by-product could be radium radium, produced from tw o alpha-particles coming away from the uranium nucleus. At the time, Hahn thought it had to be radium because even two alpha particles coming away from the nucleus from this process was considered very unlikely. So the idea of uranium losing ~100 neutrons and turning into barium was seen as impossible. During a trip to Copenhagen, Hahn mentioned these results to well known scientists Niels Bohr and Lise Meitner. Using his colleagues advice he refined the experiment which lead him to the results he was looking for. On December 1938 his experiment a radium-barium-mesothorium-fractionation as Otto called it was performed and produced three isotopes that were observed as barium instead of the expected radium. This gave Otto the evidence he needed. In 1938 Hahn mailed Meitner a report of his findings. She developed an explanation to the results and together they named it nuclear fission. Lise Meitner and her nephew, a physicist Otto Robert Frisch, came to the same conclusion and worked o ut the basic calculations of nuclear fission, which was officially coined by Frisch, and became globally known. Over the following months, two articles were published that explained and had experimental proof on the nuclear fission written by Frisch and Meitner. In their second publication they talked about uranium fission which they called Uranspaltung. This article predicted the freeing of additional neutrons during the fission process, which Frà ©dà ©ric Joliot and his team proved to be chain reaction. During the war and around 1945, Otto Hahn together with his assistants had a list of 25 elements and about 100 isotopes whose existence he had demonstrated through his experiments. The disastrous implications of this discovery were realized by scientists before the outbreak of World War II, and a group was formed in Germany to study possible military developments. Much to Hahn’s relief, he was allowed to continue with his own researches free of military interference.At the end of World War II in 1945 Hahn was suspected of working on the German nuclear energy project to develop an atomic bomb, but his only connection was the discovery of fission; he did not work on the program. In April 1945, Hahn and nine leading German physicists were taken into custody by the Alsos Mission and taken to Cambridge, England, from 3 July 1945 to 3 January 1946. While they were there, the German scientists learned of the dropping of the American atom bombs on Japan. Hahn took this very bad, as he felt that because he had discovered nuclear fission he shared responsibility for the death and suffering of tens of thousands of innocent Japanese people. Early in January 1946, the group was allowed to return to Germany. While he was in England he was told that they awarded him the Nobel Prize for 1944. The Nobel of 1944 was for chemistry, Otto’s discovery of the fission of heavy atomic nuclei. From 1948 to 1960 Otto Hahn was the founding President of the newly formed Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, which through his tireless activity and his worldwide respected personality succeeded in being renown in the the scientific community. Although now aged and retired, he was still a vigorous man; a lifelong mountaineer, he maintained physical fitness during the enforced stay in England by a daily run. On his return to Germany he was elected president of the former Kaiser Wilhelm Society and became a respected public figure, a spokesman for science, and a friend of Theodor Heuss, the first president of the Federal Republic of Germany. Otto campaigned against further development and testing of nuclear weapons. In January 1958, Otto Hahn, together with his friend Albert Schweitzer signed the Pauling Appeal to the United Nations in New York for the immediate conclusion of an international agreement to stop the testing of nuclear weapons, and in October, he signed t he international Agreement to call a meeting to draw up a world constitution on the issue of nuclear weapons. He never tired of warning urgently of the dangers of the nuclear arms race between the great powers and of the radioactive contamination that would lead to the destruction of the planet. Honours came to him from all sides; in 1966 he, Meitner, and Strassmann shared the prestigious Enrico Fermi Award. As well as Hahn was also repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by a number of international organizations but never got a second one. This period of his life was saddened, when, their only child, Hanno, born in 1922, which became a distinguished art historian and architectural researcher, who was also known for his discoveries in the early Cistercian architecture of the 12th century. In August 1960, while on a study trip in France, Dr Hanno Hahn was involved in a fatal car accident, together with his wife and assistant Ilse Hahn, leaving a 14 year old son. The loss of h is only son devastated him and his wife never recovered from the shock. Hahn died in 1968, after a fall; his wife outlived him by only two weeks. Hahns death did not stop his popularity, proposals were made at many different times, that the newly synthesized element no. 105 should be named hahnium in Hahns honor. But, sadly it did not go through and was named hassium after it’s finders. Also In 1964 the only European nuclear-powered civilian ship, the freighter NS Otto Hahn, was named in his honor. Many cities and districts in the German-speaking countries have secondary schools, streets, squares and bridges throughout Europe bearing Otto’s name. More than twenty states worldwide have honored Otto Hahn by issuing coins, medals or stamps with his portrait. References: Wikipedia.org ,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn ( 16 Oct 2014) Otto Hahn Biographical. Nobelprize.org. 16 Oct 2014. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1944/hahn-bio.html> â€Å"Chemistry in history† ChemHeritage.org http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/atomic-and-nuclear-structure/hahn-meitner-strassman.aspx (16 Oct 2014)

World War 1 :: World War I WWI WW1

World War 1 The question is who and/or what caused World War 1? Well at the turn of the twentieth century Europe seemed to enjoy a period of peace of progress. But below the surface several forces were at the work and would lead Europe into the Great War. There were many causes of World War 1. Three important causes were: the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, the tangle of alliances, and the costs of war. These causes had a great toll on World War 1 and questioned the thought if it would ever end. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand was when the crisis began. He was going to visit Sarajevo which was the capital of Bosnia. And Bosnia at the time was under the rule of Austria Hungary. When he came to visit it made the Serbian Nationalists very angry. The date that the Archduke decided to visit was a special date in Serbian history(June 28). So on June 28, 1914, as the archduke rode through Sarajevo in an open car, one of conspirators hurled a bomb. But it missed Archduke Ferdinand and injured an officer in another car. Later on, the archduke asked to visit the wounded officer in the hospital. He did not know that the conspirator was still waiting. When the car set out Gavrilo Princip sprang and shot twice in the back seat. Moments later the wife and the archduke were dead. The costs of war made the tragedy even worse. More than 8.5 million people were dead. When a pandemic was spread throughout the whole world it killed more than 20 million people- twice as many as the war itself. There were financial burdens with the cost of rebuilding and paying which would burden an already burdened world. Everyone everywhere felt bitter about the war. The allies blamed the problems on the defeated enemies and that they made payments for the war damage. Also under the stress of war, governments had collapsed in Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. Dreams of building a new social order from the chaos had come to an end. The tangle of alliances intended to create powerful combinations that no one would dare attack. World War 1 :: World War I WWI WW1 World War 1 The question is who and/or what caused World War 1? Well at the turn of the twentieth century Europe seemed to enjoy a period of peace of progress. But below the surface several forces were at the work and would lead Europe into the Great War. There were many causes of World War 1. Three important causes were: the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, the tangle of alliances, and the costs of war. These causes had a great toll on World War 1 and questioned the thought if it would ever end. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand was when the crisis began. He was going to visit Sarajevo which was the capital of Bosnia. And Bosnia at the time was under the rule of Austria Hungary. When he came to visit it made the Serbian Nationalists very angry. The date that the Archduke decided to visit was a special date in Serbian history(June 28). So on June 28, 1914, as the archduke rode through Sarajevo in an open car, one of conspirators hurled a bomb. But it missed Archduke Ferdinand and injured an officer in another car. Later on, the archduke asked to visit the wounded officer in the hospital. He did not know that the conspirator was still waiting. When the car set out Gavrilo Princip sprang and shot twice in the back seat. Moments later the wife and the archduke were dead. The costs of war made the tragedy even worse. More than 8.5 million people were dead. When a pandemic was spread throughout the whole world it killed more than 20 million people- twice as many as the war itself. There were financial burdens with the cost of rebuilding and paying which would burden an already burdened world. Everyone everywhere felt bitter about the war. The allies blamed the problems on the defeated enemies and that they made payments for the war damage. Also under the stress of war, governments had collapsed in Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. Dreams of building a new social order from the chaos had come to an end. The tangle of alliances intended to create powerful combinations that no one would dare attack.

My Career Essay -- Personal Narrative Careers Essays

My Career I do not know that anyone chooses a career in life. It seems that fate or certain outside forces influences the decisions you make in life. These forces change your life from one career to the next until you end up in your retirement years looking back on your life thinking of the â€Å"what ifs." I guess I have to open the topic of my paper â€Å"My Career† with me in my teens because my life has turned direction several times since then. Originally I had my heart set on a football career. I was fairly good at it playing both offensive and defensive positions. Unfortunately the outside sources that changed my budding career involved a tractor on my Uncle’s farm one summer in my junior year. The tractor won and I lost some movement in my knee for about three years. Needless to say my career was over. A few years later I entered college and found a desire to become an oceanographer. I have always lived near the water and interested in the ocean, the life under it, and the secrets it holds. If I remember correctly the outside force that ended this career was my own failure in following some strict study habits. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute informed me that they accepted only 3.0 grade point average and above. Another outside force at this time was t he draft and the Viet Nam War. I ended up entering the Navy and was sure that I had found the career of my lifetime. I had finally found a career where I excelled. I was happy, enjoyed the professionalism, the freedom and authority that I possessed. This new career fit well with my character and what I wanted to do with my life. I trained people, helped them, watched them succeed and grow. What more could I ask for, the military had a certain form of excitement not shared by any other profession in the world. The places I traveled if duplicated would take a lifetime of trying, the experience, the honor of serving my country, all with an adequate wage scale. The outside forces that ended this career path in the Navy would fill a volume. To keep this long story in perspective and within the confines of this assignment, it is easier to conclude that the Navy became a job and not an adventure. Three crashes, a divorce, and plethora of other smaller forces led to the decision to retire prematurely from the military and return to my home in Syracuse, New York where my family was. ... ...od compensation package. The Readers Digest version of my careers in only a few pages. The final chapter is not written yet and is still to come. Check for it in your grocery stores. I enjoy helping people, training them to realize their dreams and successes. However, there is a price for this knowledge. Paid to support my family in a life style that they feel is comfortable. I guess that as I have gotten older, my need for speed, excitement, and adventure as a driving force within my career has been replaced. My outside driving force is my family, my need to help them survive. My career rewards themselves spent on my family’s education, marriages, and for my own retirement with my spouse. Am I happy with my own life and with the career paths I have been fortunate to see and succeed with? Yes! Would I do anything differently? Yes! If I did, would I be blessed with the wife and children that I presently have? I do not know. I do know that my career has been my life, the people I have helped along the way. My payment has been small, with the survival of my family. This fact I would not change for anything. Fate has been a mystical force in my life, and I thank it. My Career Essay -- Personal Narrative Careers Essays My Career I do not know that anyone chooses a career in life. It seems that fate or certain outside forces influences the decisions you make in life. These forces change your life from one career to the next until you end up in your retirement years looking back on your life thinking of the â€Å"what ifs." I guess I have to open the topic of my paper â€Å"My Career† with me in my teens because my life has turned direction several times since then. Originally I had my heart set on a football career. I was fairly good at it playing both offensive and defensive positions. Unfortunately the outside sources that changed my budding career involved a tractor on my Uncle’s farm one summer in my junior year. The tractor won and I lost some movement in my knee for about three years. Needless to say my career was over. A few years later I entered college and found a desire to become an oceanographer. I have always lived near the water and interested in the ocean, the life under it, and the secrets it holds. If I remember correctly the outside force that ended this career was my own failure in following some strict study habits. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute informed me that they accepted only 3.0 grade point average and above. Another outside force at this time was t he draft and the Viet Nam War. I ended up entering the Navy and was sure that I had found the career of my lifetime. I had finally found a career where I excelled. I was happy, enjoyed the professionalism, the freedom and authority that I possessed. This new career fit well with my character and what I wanted to do with my life. I trained people, helped them, watched them succeed and grow. What more could I ask for, the military had a certain form of excitement not shared by any other profession in the world. The places I traveled if duplicated would take a lifetime of trying, the experience, the honor of serving my country, all with an adequate wage scale. The outside forces that ended this career path in the Navy would fill a volume. To keep this long story in perspective and within the confines of this assignment, it is easier to conclude that the Navy became a job and not an adventure. Three crashes, a divorce, and plethora of other smaller forces led to the decision to retire prematurely from the military and return to my home in Syracuse, New York where my family was. ... ...od compensation package. The Readers Digest version of my careers in only a few pages. The final chapter is not written yet and is still to come. Check for it in your grocery stores. I enjoy helping people, training them to realize their dreams and successes. However, there is a price for this knowledge. Paid to support my family in a life style that they feel is comfortable. I guess that as I have gotten older, my need for speed, excitement, and adventure as a driving force within my career has been replaced. My outside driving force is my family, my need to help them survive. My career rewards themselves spent on my family’s education, marriages, and for my own retirement with my spouse. Am I happy with my own life and with the career paths I have been fortunate to see and succeed with? Yes! Would I do anything differently? Yes! If I did, would I be blessed with the wife and children that I presently have? I do not know. I do know that my career has been my life, the people I have helped along the way. My payment has been small, with the survival of my family. This fact I would not change for anything. Fate has been a mystical force in my life, and I thank it.

Cuban Relations Essay -- Essays Papers

Cuban Relations In the year 1959 a politician named Fidel Castro led a revolution against the Cuban government under Fulgencio Batista. Castro used his influence to persuade the Cuban people to fight for him in the revolution against Batista’s government. With the people on his side, Castro successfully overthrew the Cuban government and was eventually elected President. These people believed in Castro, and that he would make Cuba a better place to live and work in. Once Fidel Castro had control, he named himself dictator for life and made Cuba a socialist nation who openly embraced communism. Cuba became the only communist nation in the Eastern Hemisphere. As a result of this new socialist regime many Cubans fled to the United States into south Florida, which is only a mere ninety miles from Cuba. Shortly after Castro took control of the government, relations with the United States declined. Capitalist leaders, like the United States wanted to make sure that socialist countries trying to establish a communist system, such as Cuba would fail because the goal of communists is to develop a system free from private ownership, which is not in the best interests of the countries who are wealthy due to private ownership i.e. the United States of America. Under The Kennedy administration, America attempted to dethrone Castro from power in Cuba many times, including the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. While these attempts to get rid of Castro failed, in 1962 American President John F. Kennedy signed the Cuban Embargo to stop all imports, exports, and diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba. The signing of this embargo was basically the beginning of the end for diplomatic relations between the United States of... ...the sanctions which have suffocated the Cuban economy in the past four decades. Until Castro wishes to comply with the government of the United States, the embargo will stand and Cuba’s economy will hurt because of it. Works Cited 1. U.S. Rejects Ending Trade Embargo on Cuba. Website. . 2. Senators who vote in order of Ending the Embargo. Website. 3. The Cuban Economy. Website. < www.pitt.edu/~press/books/cubaneconomy.html.> 4. Faces of Cuba. Website. 5. Fidel Castro:History Archive. Website. 6. U.S. Department of State. Website. < www.state.gov/www/regions/wha/cuba/.>

A fAREwell to arms study guide

A Farewell to Arms Study Gulled Questions *Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper as completely as possible. Keep these questions/answers to use as notes in order to prepare for discussions, quizzes, and tests. BOOK I 1 . What tone Is set in the opening chapters? Why Is this unexpected? The scene that Hemingway creates is peaceful and serene. However, the tone is depressing as fall turns into winter with rains and cholera plaguing the army. This is unexpected because the novel is about a war and we do not see any action. 2. What are your Impressions of the narrator so far?He seems rugged yet sensitive to the beauty of nature, articulate, inured to the dying that is part of war, probably a reliable reporter of external events, but pretty close- lipped about his own feelings. 3. How/Why did the narrator get Involved In WWW? Why Is he In the Italian army? (1) He signed up to drive an ambulance in the Italian army, he tells the head nurse he was in Italy and spoke It alian. 4. What does the narrator's initial attitude toward the war seem to be? (1) He seems objective and detached. 5. Describe the relationship between the Italian officers and the priest. What are their views concerning the Catholic Church? ) The priest is young and sincere, and the others tease him about his celibacy. The others poke fun at the church also. 6. Describe the priest's native village of Brazil. (2) Brazil is green with hills and a castle yet more guns and new hospitals and Bruits on the street. ( 10) he apologize to the priest? (3) Milan, Florence, Rome etc. He visits women. He apologizes to the priest for not visiting his hometown and family. 8. Who is Catherine Barley? How does the lieutenant meet her? A British V. A. D. – something like a nurse's aid. She has been seeing Ronald and Ronald drags Let. Henry to meet his girl. Discuss the effect on Catherine of her fiance ©'s death in the war. She held regret that they did not marry†¦ There is sadness as she says â€Å"l could have given him that anyway' she also said she was going to cut all of her hair off for him as she wanted to do something for him. (19) 10. How does Let. Ronald react to Catering's obvious preference for Henry? Was he sincere in his expressed intent to marry her? What does Ronald mean when he says, â€Å"Thank God I didn't become involved with the British† (32)? (5-6) Ronald is indifferent at Catering's attachment to Henry. He is not sincere in his intentions to marry Miss Barley. 11.Why does the lieutenant tell Catherine that he loves her? What is meant by the comment, â€Å"This was a game, like bridge† (30)? (6) He says it because it is what she wants to hear- if they are to have a physical relationship- but he has no intention of falling in love. 12. How does the soldier with the hernia feel about the war? Why does the lieutenant tell him to â€Å"get bump on your head† (35)? What was the outcome? (7) He doesn't want to go to the line again; by getting â€Å"injured† in a way that doesn't look like he did it on purpose, the soldier can -and does- get a ride to the hospital. 3. What is Henrys attitude now toward the dangers of war? 7) He recognizes them but feels that they have nothing to do with him- that he could not be killed. 14. Why does Ronald make the lieutenant chew coffee before going to see Catherine? (7) To mask the smell of alcohol to say that she can't see him that evening? How might this be a turning point for Henry? (7) Lonely and hollow. He recognizes that he loves her and longs to be with her. 16. How and when does Henry get injured? What medical treatment does he receive? Henry gets injured during dinner when a mortar explodes near his bunker. Henry test his wound cleaned at the dressing station and then transferred to the hospital. 17.Contrast the personalities of Ronald and the priest as revealed in their visits to Henry in the hospital. What does each of them do for Henrys recovery/spi rit? (10-11) Ronald – Free and fun. Likes to have fun, tease, drink, and women – talks about the medal of honor and brings Henry Cognac Priest – Talks more about feelings and what is on his mind (war, hometown, etc. ) – Brings mosquito net, vermouth, and English newspapers. 18. Why does the priest call Henry a patriot? Is this complimentary? Why or why not? Priest calls Henry a patriot because he is a foreigner fighting for Italy. Yes it is complimentary because the priest respects Henry. 9. Discuss the priest's view of love. Is the love affair between Henry and Catherine genuine according to the priest's definition? (11) The priest believes that when you love you are willing to sacrifice, do things, and serve. Love is like a religion to the priest. Henry and Catherine do have that sort of relationship. They meet together and seem to really like each other. Love making might play a key role, but they seem to care for one another. Although the relationship is young. 20. Where is Henry to be taken when he is removed from the field hospital? Why are doctors anxious for him to leave?Who will be at the other hospital? (12) To Milan to the American Hospital. Doctors need the room because there are more injured coming. Catherine was transferred to the other hospital. 21 . What is Henrys arrival at the hospital like? How does Mrs†¦ Walker try Henrys patience? Would you say that he is overbearing†¦ Or that she is over-sensitive? (13) He isn't expected and is left literally hanging- on the arms of the men supporting him- while she whines about having no room ready; he orders the porter to find him room and Mrs†¦ Walker cries. 22. How do Miss Van Camped and Henry get along? (13) Neither likes the other.She mistrusts him for being in the Italian army. He gets angry when she refuses to order wine for him. 23. Why do you think Miss Gage tells Henry that she doesn't like Miss Barley? (14) It is her humorous way of admitting some Jea lousy- that Miss Barley is so attractive- and perhaps some Jealousy that Miss Barley leaves no room for Miss Gage with him. 24. How does the barber act toward Henry? Why? (14) Thinking the Let. Henry is Austrian, the barber acts hostile. 25. What does Henry see when he looks at his wound now? 15) It looks repulsive- like hamburger meat- but he views it objectively , with detachment. 26.What is the surgeon's advice for Henry? Why does he not like the advice? (15) The surgeon advises waiting six months before surgery, to allow the bullet to â€Å"encysted†. 27. Why does Henry decide to have Dry. Valentine' go ahead with the operation? (15) Let. Henry want a major- not a captain- to do the operation, and he wants it done right away- which Valentine agrees is the way to go. 28. Why does Catherine tell Henry not to think about the two of them while he is under the anesthetic? (16) She doesn't want him to talk about their relationship in front of her colleagues. 29. Why do you thin k Catherine wants to know about Henrys past loves?Why do you think he lies? Would Catherine think less of him if he told the truth? (16) because he thinks the truth would hurt her. 30. After Henrys operation, Henry realizes that, â€Å"Catherine was right. It did not make any difference who was on night duty. † Why not? (17) He is feeling too sick to care whether or not he sees Catherine that night. 31 . How do Ferry and Catherine get along? Ferry and Henry? Why do Ferry and Henry have this type of relationship? (17) The women are good friends; Ferry is protective of Catherine and suspicious of Let. Henrys intentions. 32. Why don't Catherine and Let. Henry get married? 18) Catherine points out that if they were married, she would probably be sent away. 33. What are Catherine and Henrys beliefs about religion? (18) She tells Let. Henry that he is her only religion; he seems to be pretty much of an atheist. 34. Who are the Meyers? Who else does Henry know in Milan and what do t hey do for a living? (19) They are a couple who like horseradish. 35. How can you tell that Catherine has deep-rooted fears? Why does she cry when it anis? (19) She says that she is afraid- that she images both of them dead in the rain. 36. Describe the horse races at San Sirs. What about them makes Catherine feel â€Å"unclean†? 20) 37. What is Catering's big news for Henry? How does Henry seem to feel when he finds out? (21) She is pregnant. He is worried but reassuring. 38. How long was Henrys convalescent leave supposed to be? How did he lose it? (22) A couple of weeks; he develops Jaundice and Miss Van Camped accuses him of 39. Before Henry leaves, he and Catherine go too hotel. Why is she unhappy there? (23) She feels like a where. 40. How does Henry end up on the floor of the train back to the front? (24) He pays a machine- gunner to hold it for him, but gives up the seat when a captain protests. BOOK Ill 41 .What is the change in mood Henry encounters in Georgia when he returns from the hospital? Why doesn't it â€Å"feel like a homecoming†? (25) Gloom is pervasive – and things have changed. He does not know the British ambulance driver, the major looks older, etc. 42. What does the major tell Henry about how things have been going while Henry was away? (25) The major says it has been a bad summer and there are many sick; he is pessimistic bout the next year. 43. How does Ronald seem to be doing? How has he changed since Henry last saw him? (25) While he still Jokes, he seems depressed about the war and worried because he believes he has syphilis. 4. Why does Henry tell Ronald he doesn't want to drink too much? (25) Let. Henry explains that he has had Jaundice. 45. How has the priest changed since Henry last saw him? What does he mean when he says, â€Å"Many people have realized the war this summer† on page 178? (26) The priest is subdued, weary; he thinks that people are finally realizing the brutality and senselessness of war. 6. What does Henry think about Gin's patriotism? (27) he notices Gin's criticism of his own country which is not in keeping with a patriotic mindset. 47. Why do the Italians plan to retreat? What is Henrys role in the preparations? 27) The order is given after the Germans break through to the north; Let. Henry is supposed to stay put and help clear out the hospital equipment and the wounded; not all the wounded can be evacuated. 48. Why do Henry and the others leave the main road? (28) They are afraid of getting stuck if the column is stopped by a few dead horses or deserted trucks. 49. What happens to the sergeants when Henry asks them to help free the ambulance? Are Henrys actions Justified? (29) When the sergeants refuse to help get the ambulance out of the mud, Let. Henry shoots and injures one, whom Bone happily finishes off. 50.Pain and Ammo call themselves anarchists and socialists. What do they mean? (29) An anarchist believes in voluntary association- overthrow of the government control; a socialist advocates giving ownership and control of land and capital to the community as a whole. 51 . Why does Henry go across the bridge first? What does this show about his developing/changing character? 30) They all know that the bridge may be mined- but that one person alone probably would not detonate the explosives; he is pretty brave and feels responsible for the others. 52. Why is Henry so angry when he sees the German staff car and bicyclists? 30) It means that the Italians have not held back the Germans; he thinks the Italians should have blown up the bridge and set up machine gunners along the embankment. 53. Who gets killed from Henrys group? How? Who actually shoots him? Why is Henry so upset about his death? (30) Ammo gets shot by frightened Italians. Let. Henry isn't visibly upset, but admits that he 54. How does Henry almost get killed? Why? How does he escape? (30) The Italian battle police are about to shoot him for leaving his regiment- and because they suspect he is a German- when he escapes by Jumping into the river. 5. Why does Henry cut the stars from his sleeves? (31) For â€Å"convenience†- so that he won't be further harassed as an officer without his regiment 56. What does Henry think about as he lies in the train car? How does he feel about the war and his life at this point? How has his character change since the beginning of the novel? (32) He thinks about his lack of anger, his desire simply to wash his hands of the war, and bout the friends- Ronald, the priest, etc. – that he will never see again. He had been sure that the war would not kill him- now he knows it could.He is anxious to be with Catherine, while at the beginning he wanted no commitments. BOOK 57. What help does the proprietor of the bar in Milan offer Henry? Why does he Make this offer? (33) He offers him a safe place to stay and phony leave papers; having seen Let. Henry lump from the train, he has deduced that Henry is in tro uble- and genuinely likes him. 58. What information do the porter and his wife give Henry? Why does Henry offer them money? Why do they refuse it? (33) Catherine has gone to Stress; he pays them to keep quiet, but they refuse the money because they like him and want to help. 9. Who is Simmons? Where in the novel does he first appear? How does he help Henry? (33) Henry met Simmons when he was a patient at the hospital in Milan and Simmons was taking voice lessons; Simmons gives him some civilian clothes. 60. Explain what Henry means when he says, â€Å"I had made a separate peace† on page 243. (34) the war, he Just wants to be contentedly alone with Catherine somewhere. 61 . How does Henry find Catherine once he gets to Stress? 34) He asks the barman at the hotel whether he has seen two English girls; the barman finds out where Catherine and her friend are staying. 62.How does Helen Ferguson react to Henrys appearance in Stress? Why? (34) She is angry and annoyed because she f eels Henry has exploited Catherine; also, she is probably Jealous because he is taking away her companion. 63. Where does Henry plan to go to leave the war behind? Why? (34) To Switzerland 64. Why does Henry feel like a criminal? (34) Because he has deserted from the Army 65. Who is Count Grief? Despite the age difference, how are he and Henry alike? (35) A very old man Henry had met previously; as they play billiards, he reveals his believe that Italy will win the war- since younger nations usually do. 6. Why does Emilio, the barman, come to Henrys room in the middle of the night? (36) To alert Let. Henry that there are plans to arrest Henry in the morning. 67. What escape plan do Emilio and Henry devise? (36) Emilio gives Henry his rowboat and Henry and Catherine row to Switzerland. 68. What do Henry and Catherine decide to do as soon as they reach their destination? What immediately happens after they're done? (37) They go too cafe © and order a big breakfast. They are arrested but don't seem afraid. They foresaw the arrest. 69. What excuse do Henry and Catherine give for their trip to Switzerland?

Managers Can Create Satisfied Employees

Employee satisfaction is the key to the economic success of any company. Research has shown that a satisfied employee does his job well and in return the company’s performance is greatly improved. Employer and employee relations are very important in ensuring that a company realizes its mission. In fact, it has been researched and found out satisfied employees usually translate to satisfied customers. Hence, with proper policies and administrative skills, managers can create satisfied employees. The following tips help to illustrate the various methods and ways by which employers can achieve this. These are; Job security The primary driving force an individual centers on while working, is the ability to retain the job for as many years as possible. Personal organization and family budget go in line with job security concerns. When an employee is confident of his or her job security at the workplace, his performance is far much better than a case where he or she is not sure of being retained in the next year. Pay satisfaction People don’t work unless they receive pay work done. It is therefore the key to employee satisfaction. Managers normally use financial rewards to improve their worker’s performance. Good salaries equally translate to better work. Every worker would want to continue working for an organization which pays him or her well. [1] Language and communication Communication is notably the most important factor and step required for the achievement of improved degree of satisfaction among various groups of employees. Managers who use simple but powerful words usually win the hearths of most employees. How a manager expresses himself while communicating the company’s principles determines the mode of reception from the e employees themselves. Words such as ‘please’, ‘you are doing a good job’ and ‘thank you’ demonstrates that a manager values the employees. It is also a sign of respect directed to the junior workers. Benefits Certain benefits help motivate workers. Such benefits include; Provision of insurance cover not only to the employees but also to their families as well. Allocation adequate time for one to be with his or her family. This can be provided in terms of structured leave periods, off-work times, weekends and time schedules for leaving work places daily Promotion and career advancement Departments such as the military have a well organized promotion channels that go in line with the performance of an individual. Promotion is usually proportional to the amount of money and benefits that one receives. House allowances for example are given according to ones job scale in many countries. To be promoted from a deputy supervisor to a full supervisor indicates that the administration of a particular company is appreciating an individual’s effort. This will lead to the development of self confidence and hard work among all the employees so that one could be promoted. [2] Safety in the work environment People who feel safe in their working environment tend to perform better than those who don’t. Safety can be in the form of human-machine relations and human-human relations. Military personnel working in war thorn countries like Iraq, Somalia and Afghanistan work in fear and this greatly affects their overall performance at work. Flexibility to balance life and work issue Proper coordination between the work issues and personal life is necessary to balance both. Overworking and work stress usually affect human healthy both in social, mental and physical terms. Rewards and gifts Rewards should not be very big inducements but the small gifts given to anybody is well appreciated. A handwritten thank you note is normally appreciated and cherished. Everybody loves chocolate, and provision of such kind of rewards especially at the weekends and special days like Christmas and Valentine days, helps to build positive relationships between the company and the employees. Gift certificates such as birthday wishes are a morale booster to self-confidence of the employees. Some companies offer their logo merchandizes in form of t-shirts, caps, mugs, pens, jackets and computer mouse pads. In addition, motivational posters could be strategically drafted for individual recognition for job well done. In most cases, people would want to know if their work has made some difference. Provision of such rewards is encouraged. [3] Conclusion As a manager, your impact on employee satisfaction is great and immeasurable.   It is therefore important that managers look for convenient, cost-conscious and appreciated ways of motivation in order to build a dynamic, committed and workforce that will result in better productivity and profitability of the organization. References Dale, M. (2001): The Art of HRD: Developing Management Skills  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   , Vol. 3, Crest Publishing House, New Delhi Maund, L. (2001): An Introduction to Human to Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice: Macmillan, Palgrave Sparrow, P. and Hilltop, J. (1994): European Human Resource Management in Transition: Prentice Hall, New York Thomson, C. and Rampton, L. (2003): Human Resource Management. Melbourne press, New York [1] Sparrow, P. and Hilltop, J. (1994): European Human Resource Management in Transition: Prentice Hall, New York [2] Dale, M. (2001): The Art of HRD: Developing Management Skills, Vol. 3, Crest Publishing House, New Delhi [3] Thomson, C. and Rampton, L. (2003): Human Resource Management. Melbourne press, New York