In Pride and Prejudice, who is to be blamed for Lydia’s behaviour? Essay

In ‘Pride and Prejudice’, there are a number of people who can be blamed for Lydia’s behaviour. Lydia develops into a selfish, egocentric, thoughtless and superficial girl through the influence of others and a lack of discipline and boundaries. Primarily, Mrs. Bennet is to blame. Lydia and her mother are ‘two of a kind’ – silly, vain, snobbish, pretentious and flirtatious. Mrs. Bennet has indulged and cosseted Lydia and favours her above her sisters. Instead of preventing Lydia from making an embarrassment of herself and disgracing the family by flirting with the officers when she is too young to socialise, Mrs. Bennet encourages her behaviour in the hope of getting at least daughter married off. Both Mrs. Bennet and Lydia seem to have a fondness of men in uniform, and are unfortunately crude enough to show it. In fact, Mrs Bennet says, † I do remember the time when I liked a red coat myself very well – and indeed so I do still at my heart. â€Å" From this we can see that Lydia has inherited her foolishness from her mother. Mrs. Bennet is a social climber and very interested in marrying well, but upon hearing of Lydia’s elopement with the discreditable Mr. Wickham, instead of being angry is excited, and thinks only of the wedding clothes. Yet if her daughters Elizabeth or Jane had eloped and were marrying a man with little money and many debts, Mrs. Bennet may not have been so thrilled. Mr. Bennet also has a reasonable input into Lydia’s behaviour, but in a totally different way from his wife. Lydia’s father isolates himself in his library, burying himself behind books and a wall of sarcasm, allowing his wife to take responsibility for his daughters’ upbringings, with the knowledge that she wasn’t fully capable of doing it satisfactorily. When Lizzy warns him against letting Lydia go to Brighton, Mr. Bennet does not take heed, and allows Lydia to go anyway. This is because he thinks that Lydia may be brought back down to earth and shown that she is not so important in Brighton, and that she would be in the safe hands of Colonel Forster’s wife. Mr. Bennet also knows that if he did not, then Lydia would emotionally blackmail him by nagging and crying, as would his wife until he granted permission. Instead of disallowing her, Mr. Bennet is weak and gives in, as he thinks it will be easier for him. Little does he know that Lydia will elope with an officer and disgrace the whole family. However, at the end of the book, he realises his mistakes, and blames himself for Lydia’s behaviour. He says: â€Å"You may well warn me against such an evil. Human nature is so prone to fall into it! No, Lizzy, let me once in my life feel how much I have been to blame. I am not afraid of being overpowered by the impression.† Another person partly to blame is Mr. Wickham. It is not entirely Lydia’s fault that she cannot resist his charms, as after all, he deceived her older and far wiser sister too. However, his intentions were not honourable and he did not seem to have any intention of marrying Lydia. Had Mr. Darcy not intervened and bribed Wickham, Lydia could possibly have gone home disgraced, with no possibility of marriage in the future. In addition, Elizabeth herself might feel partly, if not wholly to blame for Lydia’s behaviour; she knew what Wickham was capable of, having heard Darcy’s account about his past behaviour. She could see what Lydia was doing and could have potentially prevented her sister from being subjected to scandalous gossip and also stopped Lydia from making a fool of herself by letting people know what Mr. Wickham was like. In considering the role that various characters have to play in Lydia’s behaviour, we tend to forget that everyone has a responsibility for themselves, and their actions, including Lydia. After all, she has older sisters who turn out to be respectable young women who have happy, loving marriages to wealthy men. Maybe Lydia has more input into her own behaviour than we should ignore.

Analysis of Macbeth Essay

Shakespeare uses vivid and powerful forms of imagery to let the audience visualize the setting. Lady Macbeth is portrayed as a strong woman who is attracted to power and would do anything to be in control; she is anything but an elegant and sensitive woman. After the bloodshed begins, however, Lady Macbeth falls an easy prey to insanity and guilt. Her soliloquy (5.1.24-30) shows her decline into madness when she says,â€Å"out damned spot†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There are many examples of visual and aural imagery throughout the play. The murder of Duncan is indicated by the clanging of a bell and the knocking at the gate. Though they are not described in the text, the stage directions are enough to build up the tension. The knocking occurs between each line that is spoken in a rhythmic regularity. There is a great emphasis on the knocking because it startles Macbeth and Lady Macbeth as they quickly try and cover up their involvement in the murder. To add to the intensity, the fact that the entire scene (2.2) takes place at night builds up the suspense as the darkness is used to bring up peculiar components like cruelty and the supernatural. Darkness as a thematic tool is instantly used by Shakespeare in the opening of the play. The three witches enter in â€Å"thunder and lightning† which sets the mood of the play, which becomes Shakespeare’s habitual way of introducing the witches into a scene. Introducing the supernatural and the witches to the audience at the beginning, intensifies the significance of their role. The audience can now ascertain that even when the witches do not appear directly in a scene, the progression of the plot will revolve around their prophecies. Shakespeare reminds us of the gloominess of the play by creating uncertainty in Lady Macbeth’s expectant wait for her husband, which soon becomes nervousness and excitement as he arrives. Animal imagery, a frequent motif, in this case, the shrieking of the owl is considered as an indication that â€Å"He is about it .† The owl, like a raven, is considered an ill omen; an omen of death and represents nature’s ‘messenger-’â€Å"the fatal bellman.† This line appears to minimize the enormity of Duncan’s murder and seems that Lady Macbeth is blaming the bellman. Blood is another motif throughout the play. The language used to describe Macbeth’s anguished state is extraordinarily effective in terms of imagery and detail. When Macbeth looks at his hands and thinks they are a â€Å"sorry sight† and his hand â€Å"will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine, making the green one red† (2.2.58). Shakespeare uses personification to manipulate Macbeth’s bloody hands as witnesses to the murder when Lady Macbeth urges him to â€Å"wash this filthy witness from your hands† (2.2.50). ‘Themes are fundamental ideas explored in literary work.’ In my chosen extract, there are no specific lines that show the various themes in the play. However, the link between cruelty and masculinity is one of the first themes introduced to the audience. The murder of Duncan is the first in Macbeth’s long line of killings. It soon becomes evident to us that Lady Macbeth provides the brains and the willpower behind Macbeth’s actions. Her behavior proves that women can be as ambitious as men, as she herself wishes to be â€Å"unsexed† (1.5.40); to become more masculine than feminine. Even so, she depends on the manipulation of others, rather than using violence herself. Macbeth asks her to â€Å"bring forth men children only† (1.7.73) and she says nothing to challenge this statement. The hired murderers were also persuaded to kill Banquo by being questioned about their manhood. These acts prove that both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth associate courage or strength with violence; they think alike. The witches’ predictions also spark Macbeth’s need to continue the bloodshed as he is blinded by his overconfidence in them. When Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are first introduced, they appear to have a very strong and caring relationship that seems to be based on trust (Macbeth tells her about the three witches in his letter). However, as Macbeth’s lust for remaining King grows, the audience knows that one murder always leads to another. Because of this, his relationship with Lady Macbeth weakens and is not able to flourish. We notice that whenever they are together in a scene, they are either pretending to be innocent or planning yet another murder. The scene after the murder of Duncan, consists of a range of language techniques. The first clever part of this scene is Shakespeare’s use of a technique known as Elision. It does not allow the readers to witness the actual murder of Duncan. This is an age old tradition used by the Greek tragedians Sophocles and Aeschylus, to allow the reader’s mind to decide on the enormity of an unseen event, in this case; the murder. This diverts the audiences’ attention to the reactions caused by the murder and not the murder itself. Shakespeare uses specific words that have an impact on the reader’s mind. â€Å"It was the owl that shriek’d† (2.2.3) is a very effective sentence. Shakespeare could have substituted this word for anything that meant ‘to scream’ and it would not have had the same effect. This is because the word ‘shrieked’ not only contains plosive consonants (K & D), but also implies a high-pitched, piercing sound of terror or pain, contributing to the strength of the sentence and the recurring motif of death or blood. The order of the sentences used by Shakespeare, or the syntax, is simply changed by varying sentence length and rearranging the order of the words for effectual sentences. A variety of techniques such as ellipses and antithesis’ are frequently used by Shakespeare throughout the play. The antithesis, in this case, is Lady Macbeth. Shakespeare emphasizes her courage to admit to herself that â€Å"what hath quench’d them, hath given me fire†- which shows that she has been drinking too. Lady Macbeth: Did not you speak? Macbeth: When Lady Macbeth: Now. Macbeth: As I descended? Lady Macbeth: Ay. Macbeth: Hark! This piece of text, taken after the murder, shows how Shakespeare uses monosyllabic words to build up the tension and intensity of Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s staccato-dialogue conversation. Shakespeare also uses a traditional kind of verse known as the Iambic Pentameter (unrhymed). It consists of a ten-syllable line with an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one (â€Å"da DUM†). The majority of this play alternates between prose and blank verse. Blank verse resembles prose in that the last word of each sentence does not rhyme, however, there are the occasional rhyming couplets: â€Å"Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a knell†Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬Å"That summons thee to heaven or to hell† †¨ The utilization of the iambic pentameter, gives the lines a certain rhythm, making them easier to remember when producing a play. However Shakespeare sometimes uses a style of writing called prose. Prose is a piece of written or spoken language in its ordinary form without a rhythmical pattern or any metrical structure. An example of prose can be seen from lines seventeen and onwards. The sentence structure is short, simple and smart. Sentences like â€Å"Ay† and â€Å"When?† show that the conversation between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is fast-paced and confirms that they are nervous. Lady Macbeth: A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight Macbeth: There’s one did laugh in’s sleep, and one cried ‘Murder!’ This piece of text shows that Macbeth is affected by the murder. Shakespeare conveys this to the audience by changing the subject abruptly. Verse is much too regular and orderly for expressing madness or is simply not the natural way to speak. In my chosen extract, there are not many examples of verse as the murder has already taken place. Macbeth is in a state of shock and regret, therefore, prose seems appropriate to convey this feeling to the readers and audience. In conclusion, I believe that this scene was the most crucial part of the entire play. Shakespeare manages to build up the tension and increase it until after the murder. Shakespeare’s use of language, equivocation and tragic irony merge to build up the suspense and keep the audience on the edge of their seats. His use of personification and imagery create realistic and very believable characters, which are crucial for a successful play.

What will happen to the wall if peace is established between Israel & Essay

What will happen to the wall if peace is established between Israel & the Palestinians Will Israel tear it down, construct more gates, leave it as it is, or some other alternative - Essay Example War will eventually erupt as nations wish to take the area forcefully. The war between Israel and Palestine have been there for more than a decade. Driven by a conflict on boundary, the two countries continues to try forcefully to acquire the area between them where there is no clear owner. The Israelites proposed that the undefined ground on the west bank should be protected as theirs. They government, therefore, proposed to build a wall separating the two nations, a project that is on-going. The building of the wall is meant to perform several tasks. The wall will help in securing the citizens from constant attacks projected by Palestine and their Arab supporters. Secondly, the wall is used to secure the ground since the Palestine want also to settle there. The big question that revolves around the global mind is what will happen to the wall if the two countries establish a long lasting friendship that will lead to peace in the region? The Israelite and Palestine war is a big issue that is not only their issue but a global affair. The building of the west bank wall to separate the two countries is not a long lasting clarification to the war in the Middle East. The United Nations need to come into the conflict and establish a resolution that would satisfy both parties involved in the conflict. Even though the wall is under construction, the conflict is getting hotter, and lives of both the Palestine and the Israelites are still being lost. There is a great need of encouraging negotiations that will peacefully lead to a lasting solution of the boundary conflict. The realization of serenity in Germany leads to the fall of the berlin wall. The factors that attributed to the destruction of the wall is the negotiation and the signing of a treaty that lead to re-establishment of Germany as a unit country rather than the twin countries, east

Buyer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Buyer Behaviour - Essay Example By analysing the factors that lead to decision making it is then possible to pre-empt the choices that people make in purchasing products or services. This information is vital for successful marketing. The study is confined to three respondents and to three theories of consumer decision making namely: motivation, values and self/self-identity. The three respondents were interviewed and then asked to complete an evaluation form where they ranked several holiday destinations based on a particular set of criteria. The theories used enable analysis of reasoning, Respondent 1 is a 45-year-old female executive at a pharmaceutical company. She is married to an orthopaedic surgeon and has two children aged 12 and 15. Her job allows her to take two months of the year off, which coincides with school holidays. She enjoys spending time with her children and husband and because of her very demanding work-parenting schedule holidays are an essential part of her life (see Appendix A). Respondent 2 is a 25-year old female. She is unmarried and works as a PR account manager. She does not have any children but has a boyfriend who is working in Japan. They try to see each other at least four times a year. The rest of her family lives in Brazil - her country of origin. Annually, she receives 24 days of leave and often has to supplement with unpaid leave (see Appendix B). Respondent 3 is a 34 year old male computer engineer. He is married but does not have any children. His wife does not work, meaning they only live on his income. Currently, they are savin g to purchase a house. Each year he receives 15 days of leave which is primarily spent vacationing (see Appendix C). 2.2 Rankings Six holiday option sets were given namely: domestic vs. international, backpacking vs. luxury, snow vs. tropical, adventure vs. relaxing, historic vs. contemporary, shopping vs. culinary. Respondents had to rank (6 was very important while 1 was least important) the following factors: cost constraints, time constraints, change in weather, family constraints, adventure and relaxation. Cost

Slavery Story by Harriet Jacobs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Slavery Story by Harriet Jacobs - Essay Example This clearly establishes Jacobs' own status as a person and to make a case against the dehumanization inherent in slavery. Moreover, these women were denied the right to bond, nurture and care for their babies. Indeed fact, it was not unusual but common for the plantation master to satisfy his desires with his female slaves and force them to bear his offspring. As Linda points out, children from such unions were often sold to protect the honor and dignity of the slaveholder's wife, who would otherwise be forced to face the undeniable evidence of her husband's lust. Notably, in an attempt to further humanize these victims, she addressed the women of the North, desperately trying to show them that unless they spoke out in protest, they were just as guilty as Southern slaveholders of supporting and perpetuating the system of slavery. In short, apathy towards the act of slavery is just as horrendous as the act itself. We immediately see the human calling in this piece because from the beginning, Jacobs identifies herself as a slave girl. She maintains focus on her female gender. Because she refers to herself as "a slave girl," she implies-and later states explicitly-that she is speaking not only for herself, but also for her sisters still in bondage. Truth be told, this is actually a documentary. In furtherance of Jacobs' establishment of her own status as a person and to make a case against the dehumanization inherent in slavery, Linda continues to exist in this tortured world. Linda could have left her master. As the story progresses we learn that Linda actually had many opportunities to escape. Determined, she chooses to give up her freedom and her own life to save her children. This is the natural choice of a mother. Thus despite the continued abuses suffered by Linda, she presented her story not just as a woman but as a mother. Finally, it is apparent that Jacobs was determined to convince the world of the devastating and dehumanizing impact of slavery on women. In so doing, she let us see the impact from several perspectives. We see it as a female, and as a girl growing into a woman. Further adding to the experience, we see her as a mother and as one who has the daily risk of loosing her babies to the plantation owner that raped her. It is sickening that a woman had to fear one of the most important parts of her life, the beauty of being pregnant. Indeed, perhaps Jacobs transcends the human nature, because while many of the children of these poor slave women were the result of involuntary sex, it did not interfere with the immediate maternal instinct. It is all of these moments that bring Jacobs' perspective as a truly human

Public Health Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Health Leadership - Research Paper Example New paradigms should be considered when those in use seem to lose effectiveness and requires certain competencies and skills on the part of the leadership in public health. Public leaders must effectively organize and apply available resources to achieve the best outcomes for the community. Considering the resource constraints and difficult working environments for public health workers especially in the developing world, managers provide effective leadership for optimum results. A sense of mission is therefore particularly important as a skill for healthcare leaders to direct service delivery. They should purpose to strengthen the infrastructures and systems with the core functions and essential services of public health in mind. The leaders therefore must be able to examine the population’s health care status as well as the community’s ability to meet its priority healthcare needs and implement interventions that reduce if not avid occurrence of crises of public health. They should be able to implement service delivery with a view of the future, ground their views in present realities and also build on past experiences to inform directi on in service delivery policies (Rowitz, 2009). Change management and continuous learning are of great importance to public healthcare leadership. Delivery of health services as well as patient situations change constantly and therefore leaders must continually learn & adapt new skills and capabilities so as to keep up with the changes. Leadership significantly involves providing motivation to other staff, constant communication and negotiation with the stakeholders as well as promoting desirable behaviors which increase discipline and ultimately improve the achievement of good outcomes. it is there imperative for the leaders foster creation of working environments where every person is learning on a constant basis. They must be able to identify those challenges facing service, and the necessary knowledge and

Reflection Paper 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection Paper 3 - Essay Example Such, the qualitative nature of autobiographical narration and research and research is more appropriate in experiential studies such as an immigrant’s difficult acculturation process in his or her host country because it brings voice and feelings to the immigrant that could impact research and the general public. 2. Discuss three (3) factors that negatively influenced how the author interacted with (or how she  was treated) in her new society, and two (2) factors that helped to make her experience more  positive. Make specific references to details from the article.   Language was the initial most difficult handicapped that the author experienced in her acculturation to her new society. Not that she does not know to read and speak in English, only that she was not a native speaker to it and naturally, she had difficulty in understanding both the verbal and non-verbal cues of the language. In class, she had difficulty understanding the lecture of her professors and this affected her taking down downs. More often, she had to translate it in her vernacular Armenian so that she can understand it right away but when there are concepts or words that she cannot understand the language equivalent, she has to draw a corresponding picture about it. In studying her lessons, she has to read her notes several times before really understanding her lecture. As a result, it took her more effort to study her class than a native speaker would do because of the language barrier. During the author’s adjustment period, there are many aspects in American culture that she cannot understand. She did not understand why students have to wear in shorts when they come to class, student’s apparent disrespect of continued talking despite the professor already walked in class, slamming of doors, public display of affection, etch. The outbreak of the Iran hostage

Orthodontic Appliances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Orthodontic Appliances - Essay Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Fixed Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Functional Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Removable Functional Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Fixed Functional Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 List of Tables Table I. Effects, Reasons and Factors to Consider in Orthodontic Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Table II. Components of Removable Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Table III. Advantages and Disadvantages of Removable Appliance . . . . . . 7 Table IV. Types of Removable Appliance According to Force Applied . . . . . . 8 Table V. Clinical Observations with Fixed Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Table VI. Advantages of Functional Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Table VII. Disadvantages of Removable Functional Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Table VIII. Twin Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Table IX. Advantages and Disadvantages of Fixed Functional Appliance . . . . . 16 Table X. Disadvantages of Fixed Functional Appliance Herbst and Jasper Jumper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... It was credited to physician Pierre Fauchard (regarded as father of dentistry) at the start of 18th century in France who described an appliance called as â€Å"Bandlette† (now known as expansion arch (Graber TM 1966, cited in Vijayalakshmi & Veereshi 2010, p. 11). He was the first to attempt moving the teeth using Bandlette, an arched flat strip of metal with holes for threads to pass through and apply force upon the teeth. The first fixed appliance used in orthodontics is attributed to Pierre Fauchard while the first removable appliance recognized in orthodontic practice was the Coffin plate introduced by Coffin during the late 19th century (Vijayalakshmi & Veereshi 2010). The Coffin plate had a spring (still present in the current appliances) made of piano wire (Proffit & Fields 1999; Graber N 1977, cited in Vijayalakshmi & Veereshi 2010). The fixed or removable appliance adjusts the teeth slowly and cautiously to prevent extreme pain and damage to the teeth (Cunningham, Ho rrocks, Hunt, et al. 2000). Lionel (2005) said that orthodontic therapy affects the dimension of dental arches that could lead to relapse, thus requiring post-treatment. There is also a tendency for malocclusion to recur, he added. Malocclusion refers to the atypical arrangement of the teeth or jaws (Cunningham, Horrocks, Hunt, et al. 2000). Malocclusion should be treated because it may lead to diseases, cause dysfunction of the jaw (that affects speech and mastication, or leads to Tempero-Mandibular Disorder), affects aesthetic features of the face that may have negative psychological implication, and damage to teeth (Mascia n.d.). Table I Effects,

American Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Politics - Essay Example While the limitations of the President in effecting change can limit a President whose point of view does not reflect that of the best welfare of the United States, the powers of Congress can impede a President whose interests would better suit the welfare of the citizens of the United States. The nature of the three branches of power within the federal government of the United States were set into balance so that no one branch could attain so much power that it could fully countermand those of the other branches. While the President holds veto power and the Supreme Court can discount laws where they do not fall in line with the spirit and intent of the constitution, these powers can too be circumvented by the powers of Congress. The powers of the Presidency, in particular, were limited so that no one man could rule the nature through despotic power. Although, in recent history the nation has experienced events that led to such types of power taken and used inappropriately. This goes to show that vigilence must be attended in order to contain the nation as a truly democratic and free social structure that is defined by its federal diligence at maintaining that integrity (Tucker and Tucker 407). Article II of the Constitutions of the United States sets down the powers of the President of the United States. Section 1 provides the parameters of the term of office, the parameters of who is eligible to be President, and the parameters of how the President will be elected. Section 2 provides initial context to the nature of the powers of the President. The first clause gives the President the command of the armed forces, but implicitly states that it is only through Congressional agreement that war can be declared. The second clause outlines the President’s power to put into effect treaties. He must get a two thirds vote

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Essay Tom Sawyer is about a mischievous, curly haired boy who has many exciting adventures. Tom has to scheme his way out of trouble with his strict Aunt Polly and annoying cousin Sid watching him. Tom lives with his Aunt Polly because his poor mother had passed away quite a while ago. Tom gets into much trouble, at school, and at home. One of Toms biggest adventure takes place in McGuffeys Cave. Tom and a few other children, including the judges daughter Becky Thatcher, go near McGuffeys Cave for a picnic. At the picnic, the children decide to explore the cave. Becky and Tom stray away from the rest of the children, deeper into the cave. Soon, the ferry comes to get the children. All the children get on the ferry, except for Becky and Tom. Toms really in for trouble now! Becky and Tom stray farther and farther into the cave, not yet aware that the ferry has come and gone. The two children only have a candle for light. Tom and Becky soon are quite aware that the other children are gone. Becky tires out and says she cannot go any farther, so Tom goes by himself to look for an opening in the cave. When Tom is searching, he sees the murderer, Injun Joe, inside the cave! The town celebrates, and Becky’s father, Judge Thatcher, locks up the cave. Injun Joe, trapped inside, starves to death. The major conflict in the story is that when Tom and Huck perceive their biggest struggle to be between themselves and Injun Joe, whose gold they want and whom they believe is out to kill them. Conflict also exists between Tom and his imaginative world and the expectations and rules of adult society. While the climax of the story is when  · Huck overhears Injun Joe’s plan to kill the Widow Douglas, and Tom encounters Injun Joe when he and Becky are stranded in the cave. Setting The setting of the story takes place in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, Missouri (which resembles Twain’s hometown of Hannibal). While the time is not specified, but probably around 1845. Characters Tom Sawyer is the protagonist in the story. Tom is a mischievous boy with an active imagination who spends most of the novel getting himself, and often his friends, into and out of trouble. Despite his mischief, Tom has a good heart and a strong moral conscience. As the novel progresses, he begins to take more seriously the responsibilities of his role as a leader among his schoolfellows. Huckleberry Finn is the son of the town drunk. Huck is a juvenile outcast who is shunned by respectable society and adored by the local boys, who envy his freedom. Like Tom, Huck is highly superstitious, and both boys are always ready for an adventure. Huck gradually replaces Tom’s friend Joe Harper as Tom’s sidekick in his escapades. Becky Thatcher is the Judge Thatcher’s pretty, yellow-haired daughter. From almost the minute she moves to town, Becky is the â€Å"Adored Unknown† who stirs Tom’s lively romantic sensibility. Naive at first, Becky soon matches Tom as a romantic strategist, and the two go to great lengths to make each other jealous.

Work Of Muhammad Anwar Al Sadat History Essay

Work Of Muhammad Anwar Al Sadat History Essay On the sixth of October 1981, Anwar el Sadat reviewed the troops on the anniversary of the 1973 war. When all of a sudden a vehicle veered out of the marching column, men stormed out throwing hand grenades and firing with machine guns. Many were wounded and eleven dead, among them Anwar Sadat. Those men were uniformed men, which means they belonged to the Egyptian Army. Again this means that the Egyptian President was assassinated by his own army. Thus, many questions occur; who why etc. In order to find the answers, one has to dive into the life, events and history of this distinguished, controversial character, on whose tomb was carved, A man who lived for principles and died for peace. Muhammad Anwar Al Sadat (25december1918-6 October 1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination on 6 October 1981. He was a senior member of the free officers group that overthrew the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, a close confidant of Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom he succeeded as President in 1970. He was born on the 25th of December 1918 Mit Abu al-Kum, Egypt. Died on the 6th of October 1981 (aged 63). In his eleven years ruling as president he changed Egypts direction, departing from some of the economic and political principles of Nasserism by reinstituting the multi-party system and launching the Infitah. His leadership in the October war of 1973 and the regaining of Sinai made him an Egyptian hero. His visit to Israel and the eventual Israel-Egypt peace posthumously, but was an act enormously unpopular with the Arab world and Islamists, and resulted in Egypt being expelled from the Arab League. Plotting against British Rule and King Farouk As a schoolboy, Sadat frequently demonstrated against the British, who occupied Egypt at that time. His heroes were all nationalists: Mahatma Gandhi, Adolf Hitler, Ataturk, and Egyptians Saad Zaghlul, Mustafa Kamil, and Mustafa Nahhas. He also admired a peasant martyr from Dinshaway (near Mit Abul Kom) whom the British had executed in 1906. One result of the 1936 treaty which Prime Minister Nahhas signed with the British was the opening of the military academy to lower middle class youths like Sadat and Gamal Abdel Nasser. Sadat graduated from the academy in 1938 and was posted to Manqabad in Upper Egypt. There he first met Nasser, a leader by nature, serious and somewhat aloof. The enthusiastic young officers talked politics, debating the best way to rid their country of the British. In 1939 Sadat entered the Signal Corps. While Nasser was off in the Sudan, Sadat plotted direct action against the British. Occasionally he met with Hassan Al-Banna, the Supreme Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood, a group of religious zealots who wanted to root out Western and secular influences and turn Egypt into a theocracy. Axis forces based in Libya pushed into Egypt in 1941, hoping to seize the vital Suez Canal. In the following year the British arrested Sadat for plotting with two German spies who were living in a Nile houseboat and trying to send information to Rommels army. Escaping from jail in October 1944, Sadat hid out until the end of the war which made it safe for him to resurface. He then participated in an unsuccessful attempt on the life of former Prime Minister Nahhas, who had cooperated with the British during the war. Sadats role in the killing of Amin Osman, an Anglophile politician, landed him back in jail in January 1946. Sadats friendship with King Farouks private doctor linked him to the Iron Guard, a secret palace organization which struck at the kings enemies. The trial of Sadat and others in the Amin Osman case was overshadowed by the outbreak of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The principal defendant escaped; Sadat and the others were acquitted and released. After dabbling in business schemes for a year or two Sadat won reinstatement in the army. He reestablished contact with Nassers circle, which were now calling themselves Free Officers and planning to overthrow the corrupt and inept government. The riots of January 1952 destroyed foreign-owned businesses throughout Cairo and completed the publics disillusionment with the king and the old politicians. Nasser summoned Sadat to Cairo from his post in Sinai on the evening of July 22, 1952. But finding no further message from his chief, Sadat took his family to the movies and nearly missed the coup. However, it was Sadat who broadcast the news of the coup to the public on the morning of July 23. King Farouk was sent into exile and Brigadier Mohamed Naguib served as the Free Officers front man until Nasser broke with him and put him under house arrest in 1954. The posts Sadat held during the Nasser years were not quite at the center of power. He edited the regimes newspaper, al-Gumhuriya. He served as secretary-general of the Islamic Congress and of the National Union, the forerunner of the Arab Socialist Union and Egypts only political party. During the 1960s he was speaker of the National Assembly. Sadat, along with Field Marshall Abdel Hakim Amer, bears much of the responsibility for Egypts disastrous involvement in the Yemeni civil war (1962-1967). Then Egypts defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War nearly destroyed Nassers regime. Aware of his ill-health and of plots against him, Nasser named Sadat vice president at the end of 1969. Nicknamed Major Yes-Yes for his acquiesces to Nassers wishes; Sadat had outlasted most of the other Free Officers who might have inherited the presidency. During Nassers presidency During the presidency of Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sadat war appointed Minister of State in 1954. In 1959, he assumed the position of Secretary to the National Union. Sadat was the president of the National Assembly (1960-1968) and then vice president and member of the presidential Council in 1964. He was reappointed as vice president again in December 1969. Presidency After Nassers death in 1970, Sadat succeeded him as President, but it was widely considered that this presidency would be shortly lived. Viewing him as having been little more than a puppet of the former President, Nassers supporters in government settled on Sadat as someone they could easily manipulate. Nassers supporters were well satisfied for six months until Sadat instituted the Corrective Revolution and purged Egypt of most of its other leaders and other elements of the Nasser era. In 1971, Sadat endorsed in a letter the peace proposals of UN negotiator Gunnar Jarring which seemed to lead to a full peace with Israel on the basis of Israels withdrawal to its pre-war borders. This peace initiative failed as neither the United States nor Israel accepted the terms discussed then. Sadat likely perceived that Israels desire to negotiate was directly correlated to how much of a military threat they perceived from Egypt, which after the Six-Day war of 1967, was at an all time low. Israel also viewed the most substantial part of the Egyptian threat as the presence of soviet equipment and personnel (in thousands at this time). It was for those reasons that Sadat expelled the Soviet military advisers from Egypt and proceeds to whip his army into shape for a renewed confrontation with Israel. 6th October War On the sixth of October, 1973 the shattering, unexpected news broke and spread all over the world. A war was launched by the Egyptian army against the Israelis putting an end to the latter occupation of some Egyptian and Syrian lands. The long-awaited victory was achieved. Bar Lev line was devastated, and the legend of the invincible Israeli army was dispelled. Using petrol as a weapon was for the first time declared in this war by King Faisal, the king of Saudi Arabia. This bold, decisive and wise action had indirect tremendous effects on that war, as it was an ingenious way of forcing the leaders of many (if not all) countries to change their over supportive policy towards Israel. The glorious triumph of Egypt and Syria following the 1973 war, restored dignity throughout Egypt and the Arab World, and for years Sadat was known as the hero of the crossing. Without faith you might just as well commit suicide. Those words were stated by Sadat reflecting his belief in God and himself wh ich are weapons no non-believer can fight. Besides, self confidence is the last thing Anwar Sadat lacked. Being announced by that faith and confidence, Sadat became the first Arab leader to visit Israel and speak before the Knesset in Jerusalem seeking a permanent peace settlement. The Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty The Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt in 1978 led to a negotiated peace between those two nations signed in Washington DC on March 26, 1979, the first between Israel and any of its Arab neighbors. Israel had a consistent policy since its founding in 1948 that called for direct, one-to-one negotiations as the method of resolving disputes with the Arab countries, but until Sadat brought Egypt to the table no Arab country had been willing to even talk to Israel. Sadat and Begin shared the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize for their historic agreements. However, the initiative was far from universally popular in other Arab countries or even Sadats own country, Egypt. Other Arab nations, and especially the Palestinians, saw Egypts agreement with Israel as a stab in the back, leaving them weaker and with less bargaining leverage against Israel. Without Egypt, the united Arab front had no credibility. Sadat became isolated in the Arab world and increasingly unpopular at home, conditions that finally led to his assassination in 1981. Since the signing of the treaty, Egypt has stood by its commitments, even after President Sadat was assassinated by Muslim extremists. The Israel-Egypt peace pact was denounced by all other Arab states and no further progress was made toward an end the Israel-Arab conflict until the Madrid Conference in 1991. Unpopularity and conspiracy theories The last years of Sadats reign were marked by turmoil and there were several allegations of corruption against him and his family. In January 1977, a series of Bread Riots protested Sadats economic liberalization and specifically a government decree lifting price controls on basic necessities like bread. 120 buses and hundreds of buildings burned in Cairo alone. Dozens of nightclubs on the famous Pyramids Street were sacked by Islamists. Following the riots the government reversed itself and recontrolled prices. Near the end of his presidency, most of Sadats advisors resigned in protest of his internal policies. The deaths of the Defense Minister Ahmed Badawi and 13 senior Egyptian Army officers in a helicopter crash on 6 march 1981 near the Libyan border increased the public anger at Sadat and his policy. C:UsersSaifDesktopnEO_IMG_DSC_7083.jpg Sadats Tomb, with a memorial of the Unknown Soldiers. Islamistis were enraged by Sadats Sinai treaty with Israel, particularly the radical Egyptian Islamic Jihad. According to interviews and information gathered by journalist Lawrence Wright, the group was recruiting military officers and accumulating weapons, waiting for the right moment to a launch a complete overthrow of the existing order in Egypt. Chief strategist of El-Jihad was Aboud el-Zumar, a colonel in the military intelligence whose plan was to kill the main leaders of the country, capture the headquarters of the army and State Security, the telephone exchange building, and of course the radio and television building, where news of the Islamic revolution would then be broadcast, unleashing-he expected- a popular uprising against secular authority all over the country. Assassination and aftermath On 6 October 198, the month after the crackdown, Sadat was assassinated during the annual victory parade in Cairo. A fatwa approving the assassination had been obtained from OmarAbdel-Rahman, a cleric later convicted in the U.S for his role in 1993 World Trade Center bombing. Sadat was protected by four layers of security and the army parade should have been safe due ammunition-seizure rules. However, the officers in charge of that procedure were on hajj to Mecca. As air force Mirage jets flew overhead, distracting crowd, a troop truck halted before the presidential reviewing stand, and a lieutenant strode forward. Sadat stood to receive his salute, whereupon the assassins rose from the truck, throwing grenades and firing assault rifles rounds. The attack lasted about two minutes Photographer Bill Foley captured one of the last shots of a living Sadat. The photograph is titled The Last Smile. The lead assassin Khalid Islambouli shouted Death to pharaoh! as he ran towards the stand and shot Sadat. After he fell to the floor people around Sadat threw chairs on his body to try to protect him from bullets. Eleven others were killed, including the Cuban ambassador, an Omani general and a Coptic Orthodox bishop, and 28 were wounded including James Tully, the Irish minister of defense, and four U.S military liaison officers. Sadat was then rushed to a hospital, but was declared dead within hours. This was the first time in Egyptian History that the h ead of state had been assassinated by an Egyptian citizen. Two of the attackers were killed and the others were arrested by military police on-site. Islambouli was later found guilty and was executed in April 1982. Maybe now, we became able to find sensible answers to the previously mentioned questions; who why etc. In addition, we get to fully understand the words engraved on his tomb and how appropriate they are. He was really a man who lived for principles and died for peace. Quotes Said By Anwar Al Sadat Fear is, I believe, a most effective tool in destroying the soul of an individual and the soul of a people. Many people seek after what they do not possess and are thus enslaved by the very things they want to acquire There is no happiness for people at the expense of other people Love is what we were born with. Fear is what we learned here. You block your dream when you allow your fear to grow bigger than your faith. Russians Can give you arms but only United States can give you a solution.

Romanticism and Realism in War Stories :: Romantic Period Essays

Romanticism and Realism in War Stories Tom Brokaw called the people who lived through World War II (WWII) â€Å"The Greatest Generation†, where he shares many heroic war stories in The Greatest Generation. The classic character displayed in the book was a decorated war veteran who returned to the United States (US) and developed a prosperous lifestyle. The WWII veterans came to symbolize strength, honor, unity, justice, success, and noble sacrifice. This image was portrayed through literature and film. Books and movies created an image of the WWII veterans which the US would idolize. Popular culture gave the war a romantic appeal. People fell in love with the idea that the US was liberating Europe from the Nazi Hun and the evil Japanese Empire. After the war, men came back to marry their sweethearts and had several children who were called the Baby Boomers. This romanticism continued through television shows like Leave it to Beaver and literary titles similar to Dick and Jane, which dominated popular culture . Though popular culture defined the perfect life, the lifestyle was not typical for the average American. The Baby Boomers were called into the Vietnam War and expected to follow in their father’s heroic footsteps; but unlike their father’s generation they failed to live up to the expectations. The Baby Boomers rebelled against the state and popular culture, developing flower power, free love, and equality. The Vietnam War conflicted with many of the generation’s values, resulting in internal conflict with many of the nation’s youth. Some men joined the military to fight, while other dodged the draft, creating conflict within a generation. Overall, the Baby Boomer generation symbolized individuality, dishonor, injustice, failure, and wasteful sacrifice. Unlike the WWII era, the Vietnam War brought realism into literature and film. There were no heroic movies of men fighting in Vietnam. Men could no longer shoot fifty enemy combatants on top of a tank without being hurt. Instead, popular culture brought a realistic view of war, death, pain, and destruction. Author Tim O’Brien, like many war veterans, struggled with his Vietnam experience and expressed them through writing. Tim O’Brien exposed the truth behind war stories because he shows the difference between WWII romanticism and Vietnam realism. The difference between romanticism and realism can be seen through two variations of the same war story.

Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - The Problem with Huck Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

The Problem with Huck Finn A person is a product of his or her society and environment. A person grows up learning skills and traits from the people around him. These traits influence and affect the person unconsciously for the rest of his life. For instance if a person grows up with an abusive father chances are he will grow up to be abusive to people around him. But what we learn may not necessarily be right (like what is mentioned above), but the person doesn't know that. What would happen to a person who spent this whole life living a certain way and then came to the conclusion that something different was actually correct. This would totally rock his world. Huck Finn has this exact problem. Huck was brought up in a world where slavery was normal. Heck even the local priest said the Bible said it was okay. What greater authority to have than Gods. But Huck is faced with a challenging decision. As he becomes more and more of a friend to a runaway slave and helps him in escape his entire moral standards are challenged. But this leaves him with an invaluable lesson. Huck meets Jim as they both are running away from their lives, for different reasons. Huck and Jim head down the Mississippi. But Jim is a runaway slave and Huck is faced with a decision to help or turn Jim in. Huck comes very close to turning Jim in as he struggles to determine what is correct and what is not correct. Huck throughout the story struggles within him to find out for himself what is right and wrong. He sees Jim's compassionate nature and Good-Will and realizes the institution that is slavery is not moral and is in fact the opposite. Huck even in one triumphant moment comes over his doubts about the morality of slavery. Huck stats "Alright then I'll go to hell". Huck in this one simple statement defines his opinion. No matter what the consequence of his actions, if it be Hell, or jail or whatever, he will not betray Jim. Huck in his struggle inside of himself comes to realize the right thing to do and in doing so becomes a man.

Government Affiliation and Cloning Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical

Government Affiliation and Cloning Abstract The theory to alter and duplicate a human being first arose in the early 1900s. It became widely controversial since the entrance of the experiments on real animals by the 1990s. Influenced by its citizens, the governments all over the world stepped in to regulate the new process by establishing specific laws tackling the issue. Each government differed from the others, and hence, each national law varies from another. However, attempts were made to unify the regulations under international circumstances in organizations such as the United Nations. Still undergoing conformation, the effort to halt cloning failed to stay constant, and would continue to change in the future. Since the successful cloning of the sheep Dolly in Roslin Institution of Scotland on July 5, 1996 (Peters, 2003, p.161), governments wrestled with the ideal of human cloning. Thrust with the responsibility to regulate a new form of artificial mammalian reproduction, and possibly human reproduction, the government became the deciding factor amidst the storm of controversy. Dolly signifies the first mammal cloned from the fully differentiated cell, which already had the genes of its function fully expressed. It allowed the duplication of another individual from any living cell of body. Ian Wilmut announced and patented the Roslin Technique, the method to clone Dolly, on February 22, 1997 and explained the details on the issue of Nature five days later (Peters, 2003, p.161). The reaction was immediate. Within hours of Wilmut’s announcement, the Church of Scotland released its rebuttal, criticizing the event as unethical. Likewise, the world was quick to establish its stance, pron ouncing the cloning of human as mora... ...e Government Affiliation 5 answer is simply democracy in action. Surely, the population will voice its opinion upon the matter, and whatever the majority of this generation decides, it will be enforced peacefully. Even as the times change-- people’s opinion change—it is still sure that the voices of the public will be heard. Government Affiliation 6 Bibliography NCSL. (2005, June). State Human Cloning Law. 7-27-05: http://www.ncsl.org/programs/health/Genetics/rt-shcl.htm. Peters, Ted. 2003. Playing God? New York and London: Routledge. Stanford. (2001, December). International Cloning Policy. Human Cloning- Cloning Policy. 7-24-05: http://www.stanford.edu/~eclipse9/sts129/cloning/policy.html. United Nations. (2005, May). Ad Hoc Committee on an International Convention Against the Reproduction Cloning of Human Beings. 7-28-05: http://www.un.org/law/cloning/.

Legal Abortion

The topic of abortion is one of the most controversial of our times. It has caused countless deaths and several violent confrontations between the two separate parties of opinion. The fight between pro-life and pro-choice supporters has been long and brutal. This is because, despite what several people may believe, abortion is neither right nor wrong. It is a matter of personal opinion. In this way, each side can say with certainty that the other is wrong. However, the question still remains; should abortion be legal?Though some may disagree on this point, the fact is that legalized abortion is the only option that will protect the lives of American citizens. Therefore, present abortion laws according to Roe v. Wade should be upheld and maintained in the United States (Brown 2). Roe v. Wade was a landmark decision that legalized abortions in the United States. It was about a poor, pregnant woman who filed a lawsuit against the state law of Texas, which stated that abortions were ille gal. The case went all the way to the U. S. Supreme Court, which meant that the decision made affected the nation as a whole.On January 22, 1973, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Jane Roe and stated that â€Å"the 14th amendment guarantees an adult woman the right to seek a termination of her pregnancy until viability† (Guernsey 63). From this day on, abortions in the United States were legal. The definitions of the opinions taken on abortion are somewhat unclear to many people. Hopefully, the definitions stated below will be of some help in choosing an opinion. Pro-life supporters believe that a fetus's right to live comes first, before the rights of a pregnant woman.Pro-choice supporters believe that it is a woman's fundamental human right to decide when and whether or not to have the child (Lowenstein19). Nevertheless, while the pro-choice side fights the right to have an abortion, they make a distinction between â€Å"pro-choice† and â€Å"pro-abortion,† These groups want women to be able to choose an abortion if it is right for them. However, they do not necessarily believe abortion is the solution for everyone (Lowenstein 52). There are many reasons why abortion should be legal. The single most important effect of legalization has been the substitution of safe, legal procedures for abortions that formerly were obtained illegally† ( Jaffe, Lindheim, and Lee 147). One only needs to look into American history to see the results of prohibiting abortions to women. The violence which occurs today because of the pro-choice/pro-life conflicts is minimal in comparison to the thousands of hopeless women who turned to illegal abortions. Women, seeing no other solution to their problems, turned to â€Å"back room† clinics. These clinics were located in poverty-ridden sections of the city and their conditions were deplorable.The places themselves were layered in filth and disease. Inexperienced butchers using dirty and crude equip ment treated the women. As if these backroom clinics were not bad enough, there was an even more appalling decision a woman might face. If she were unable to pay the exorbitant price for the illegal surgery, she would often perform the act herself. â€Å"Knitting needles, coat hangers, antiseptic douches, and poisons were used most often† (Welton123). It is better now that women have a place to go where abortions can be performed cleanly with minimal risk.Legalization of abortion is the only choice no matter what side on takes in the debate. Women will try to do what they think is necessary to live as they wish, no matter what the risk. Each year 84,000 women die worldwide from failed abortion attempts (Lunneborg67) . Because of anti-abortion legislation, women avoid going to the hospital, often until it is too late, to avoid prosecution from police. In the cases of rape and incest, the very idea of being forced to have the child of the woman's abuser is repulsive. There are also cases when a woman's health is put in jeopardy by having a child at all.Forcing a woman to bring the child to term would be no less than attempted murder (Steffen 49). If a woman is forced to give birth to a child she does not want, if left in that woman's custody, the child could potentially face hatred and resentment from the mother for the rest of its life. In countries all over the world, children are found dead and abandoned in places as degrading as garbage dumps. The only effective method of preventing unwanted births is abstinence, and this is just not a realistic objective. There is no 100% effective form of birth control, and even men and women using birth control have unwanted pregnancies.Some women for financial, occupational, social, and maturity reasons, see pregnancy as cessation of their lives. There are no accurate statistics on how many women attempt or succeed in committing suicide each year rather than live with their pregnancies. Women will continue to gave abortions with or without government legislation, but with legislation, the conditions under which they have their abortions can be sanctioned and observed. If abortion is the right choice for a woman, she shouldn't have to worry about its safety. The procedure is perfectly safe. The earlier an abortion is done, the safer it is.Most abortions, about 95%, are done during the first trimester (Lowenstein 52). Less than one percent are done after the twentieth week, and usually only for medical reasons (Safety 1). According to the National Abortion Federation, having an abortion in the first three months of pregnancy is safer than giving birth to a child. Women hardly ever die from legal abortions-only one in two hundred thousand (Lowenstein 52). Women are seven times likely to die from childbirth than from a legal abortion (Maguire 1). Many pro-life supporters believe that abortion should be banned because life begins at conception and taking a life is unlawful.The individual sex cell consists of 23 chromosomes. It is only through combination, through merger, that the sex cells attain the full complement of heredity units that defines a human being (Shettles 17). The merger of the two sex cells is complete within twelve hours, at which time the egg is fertilized and becomes known technically as the â€Å"‘zygote. † The inherited characteristics of a unique human being has been established, and in no circumstances will it change (Shettles 17). At eighteen days, the heart is pumping through a closed circulatory system, with blood whose type is different from that of the mother's.The brain starts working at forty days. and all of the fetus's body systems are in place by the time it is two months old (Every child 1). Pro-lifers believe this evidence shows a fetus is alive. For these reasons, they feel the fetus has a soul and is a person worthy of respect. They conclude that aborting a fetus is the same as murdering a person (Abortion 3). Most pro-choic e supporters agree that taking a human life is unlawful, however, they argue that unborn fetuses do not constitute fully developed human life. The possession of forty-six chromosomes does not make a cell a person.Most of the cells in a person's body contain these 46 chromosomes, but that does not make a white corpuscle a person. As for the significance of uniqueness, identical quintuplets are genetically identical, yet they have personal identities apart from their genetic endowment. Even though a fetus might have a heartbeat and brain waves, this does not make a fetus a person. To be a person, there must be evidence of a personality. Dogs, frogs, and earthworms have all characteristics listed, but that is insufficient to make them persons Zindler 25). Another major pro-life concern is the medical hazards of an abortion. Pro-lifers believe that abortions have many negative physical and psychological effects. They say that even though abortion has been legalized, it remains a complic ated procedure that can potentially harm a woman's ability to bear normal, healthy babies in the future (Hilgers 152). The most common early complications of legally induced abortion are infection, hemorrhage, perforation of the uterus, and laceration of the cervix (Hilgers 153).There is also a pelvic inflammatory disease which can follow abortion, and happens up to 30 percent of the time (Lowenstein 44). Although the complications are physical, many pro-lifers say that the psychological effects are far more dangerous. They believe abortion has a particularly harmful effects on teenagers (Everyone's Biography 1). The Medical College of Ohio studied how teenagers were able to cope with abortions as compared to adult women. They studied thirty-five women who had abortions as teenagers and thirty-six women who had abortions after age twenty.They found there were two factors present in teenage abortions. First, people other than the teenager had control of the abortion decision. Second, teenagers are less knowledgeable about the procedure and may have false ideas about it. Also, teenagers were less likely to consult a professional before making their decision. The study showed teenagers experienced greater stress during the abortion (Lowenstein 45). Pro-choicers strongly disagree on this matter. It is a proven fact that legal abortions are now medically safe and simple.Teenagers, for example, are 24 times more likely to die from childbirth than from a first-trimester abortion (Carlson 25). Death resulting from legal abortion is a very rare occurrence and easy to measure. In the first trimester, less that half of one percent of all abortion patients experience major complications (Jaffe, Lindheim, and Lee 150). Of course abortion involves some risk, but so do all medical procedures. According to the American Psychiatric Association report published in Science magazine in 1990, there are no significant psychological aftereffects of legal abortion.Legal abortion requ ested by the woman does not cause emotional problems or depression. Some women may feel sad or guilty at first, but not any more or less than any other personal crisis (Lowenstein 53). In particular, teenagers who had abortions seem to behave more normally than others who gave birth to a baby. Teenagers who have abortions are more likely to graduate high school, go to college, and get good jobs (Lowenstein 54). The third most controversial topic on abortions involves so-called hard cases such as rape and incest.The first point pro-lifers make is that the law allowing raped women to get abortions would only affect a few women, less than 1 percent of all abortions each year (Guernsey 68). Pro-life supporters believe the damage has already happened-that of the rape. An abortion will simply cause more psychological and physical harm. Even though half of the fetus if part of the rapist, half of the fetus is part of the woman, too. They believe it is unfair to kill a being who was not res ponsible for the rape (Lowenstein 47). Their feeling is the same for incest.In cases where abortion is chosen, pro-life activists believe an innocent baby is killed for a crime its father commits. The father, instead, should suffer. Pro-lifers believe if abortion is chosen, it helps to hide the fact that incest took place and it might continue(Lowenstein 48). Should abortion be allowed in cases of rape and incest? Absolutely yes, say pro-choicers. There may be serious psychological effects from having a child that was a result of a horrible experience like incest or rape. Pro-choice supporters believe if the woman decides to raise the child, they say, she will have a constant reminder of the incident (Lowenstein 55).Surveys have shown many people would accept abortion in cases of rape or incest (Women 2). Medical research has not determined whether there are genetic tendencies toward sexual crimes. The child may carry some of those genes (Lowenstein55). In summary, abortion is a per sonal choice. No should be able to tell a women whether or not to have a child. Therefore, keeping abortion legal will ensure that situations that involve crisis or health risks to the mother or the fetus can be handled safely and legally.

Production of Acetone

5. 1 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES: Acetone is produced directly or indirectly by propylene. Early processes for the manufacture of acetone were based on the thermal decomposition of calcium acetate or the carbohydrate fermentation of corn starch or molasses. The ready availability of propylene in the 1960s led to routes based on the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol or cumene peroxidation. (1) By Cumene Oxidation (Hock Process). Propene is added to benzene [71-43-2] to form cumene [98-82-8], which is then oxidized by air to cumene hydroperoxide, and cleaved in the presence of an acid catalyst like zeolite. Phenol [108-95-2] and acetone [67-64-1] produced in the process are recovered by distillation. Ratio of phenol to acetone is 1:0. 6. (2) By Dehydrogenation of 2-proponal The hydration of propene [115-07-1] gives 2-propanol [67-63-0], which is then dehydrogenated to acetone. In the United States a C3 stream containing 40 – 60 % propene is used for the manufacture of 2-propanol. A large number of catalysts for 2-propanol dehydrogenation have been studied, including copper, zinc, and lead metals, as well as metal oxides, e. g. , zinc oxide, copper oxide, chromium-activated copper oxide, manganese oxide, and magnesium oxide. Inert supports, such as pumice, may be used. CH3CH=CH2 CH3CH(OH)CH3 CH3COCH3 +H2 (3) By catalytic oxidation of Propene (Wacker-Hoechst). The process is analogous to the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde by theWacker process. The catalyst solution typically contains 0. 045M Palladium (II) chloride, 1. 8M Copper (II) Chloride, and acetic acid. The reaction usually is carried out in two alternating stages. In the first stage, air is used to oxidize the metal ions to the +2 oxidation state. In the second, air is removed and propene added. Palladium (II) oxidizes propene, and the resulting Palladium (I) is reoxidized by the pool of copper (II). Besides propionaldehyde, chlorinated carbonyl compounds and carbon dioxide also are formed. Acetone and the byproducts are removed from the catalyst solution by flash evaporation with steam and separated by fractional distillation. A mixture of acetone (92 % selectivity) and propionaldehyde (2 – 4 % selectivity) is produced. CH3CH=CH2 + ? O2 CH3COCH3 + CH3CH2CHO (4) By oxidation of p-Disisopropyl Benzene (Goodyear Process). Acetone is coproduced with hydroquinone [123-31-9] from p-diisopropylbenzene [100-18-5] in a process analogous to the phenol – acetone production from cumene. In the Goodyear process p-diisopropylbenzene is oxidized by oxygen in the presence of caustic. The p-diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide [3159-98-6] formed is crystallized and washed with benzene. It is then dissolved in acetone and cleaved to hydroquinone and acetone in the presence of sulfuric acid. Next the acid is neutralized with ammonia and the ammonium sulfate formed is filtered. Acetone is recovered by distillation from the reaction mixture. 5) By distillation of Calcium Acetate. Manufacture of Acetone from Acetate of Lime, etc. – Acetone is produced commercially by the dry distillation of various acetates, calcium acetate (commercial grey acetate of lime) or barium acetate being generally used. The single acetate is usually employed, although mixtures of two acetates have been recommended. Grey calcium ace tate usually contains about 80 per cent calcium acetate, the remaining 20 per cent consisting of water and various impurities, including small quantities of calcium formate and propionate as well as salts of other organic acids. Calcium acetate when heated at a temperature of about 380Â ° C. decomposes, giving acetone and a residue of calcium carbonate, but at the same time the accompanying calcium salts present as impurities also react and acetaldehyde and various higher ketones are formed together with the condensation products. In addition other impurities (such as dumasin) and tar-like bodies are formed. Ca(CH? -COO)? CH? -CO-CH? + CaCO? (6) By fermentation of Corn Products by selected Bacteria. The process was started during World War II to provide acetone needed for the manufacture of cordite. The last operating plant in the United States (Publicker Industries) closed in 1977. The fermentation of cornmeal or molasses by various members of the Clostridium genus yields a mixture of 1-butanol, acetone, and ethanol in 2 % overall concentration. The products are recovered by steam distillation and then fractionated. 5. 2 SELECTION OF PROCESSES: Sr NoProcessesParameterCatalystAdvantages/ Disadvantages 1Cumene OxidationYield:- 40% Selectivity:- 90% 1)For Cumene hydroperoxide Temp:- 120 0C Pressure:- 1 atm 2) For acetone Temp:- 60-65 0CAcid catalyst like zeoliteAdvantage:- Valuable main product phenol Disadvantage: – ) Higher operating cost. 2) Acetone is as a byproduct. 2Dehydrogenation of 2-proponalYield:- 90% Selectivity:- 98% Temp:- 300-500 0C Pressure:- 3 atm Dehydrogenation Catalyst:- ZnO, CuAdvantages:- 1) The primary advantage of this process is that the acetone produced is free from trace aromatic compounds, particularly benzene. 2) Less operating cost 3) Valuable byproduct Hydrogen which is 99% pure. 4) High Yield 3Catalytic oxidation of PropeneYield:- 97-99% Selectivity:-92% Temp:- 140 0C Pressure:- 14 atmPalladium Chloride – Cupric ChlorideAdvantage:- 1) Single stage Disadvantages:- 1) High capital & operating cost. 2) Corrosion problem. 4Oxidation of p-Di-isopropyl BenzeneYield:- 20% Temp:- 80-90 0CSulfuric acidDisadvantage: – 1) Higher operating cost. 2) Acetone is as a byproduct. 3) Lower yield 5Distillation of Calcium AcetateYield:- 75% Temp:- 380 0C Disadvantage: – 1) Higher operating cost 2) Lower yield 6Fermentation processYield:- 28-30% Temp:- 35-450CClostridium Madisonii VacteriaDisadvantages: – 1) Lower yield. 2) Higher processing cost due to increase in price of petrochemical feedstock which is used for extracting the acetone. On the above discussion between various methods we are choosing the IPA route to produce Acetone. 5. 3 PROCESSES DESCRIPTION: The production of acetone is divided in two parts. 1)Production of IPA through Feed drum is a kind of tank used for the mixing of the recycle stream and feed stream. Recycle stream concentration was assumed to be same with the feed stream. The temperature of the feed stream is assumed to be 25 0C at 2 bar pressure, which is assumed to be constant. The temperature of recycle stream was calculated as 111. 5 0C. The temperature of the leaving stream was calculated as 32. 9 0C, by the energy balance around feed drum. In the vaporizer molten salt was used for heating. The temperature at the entrance of the unit is the temperature of the mixture leaving the feed drum, which is 32. 89 0C. And the leaving temperature is the bubble point temperature of the mixture, which is 109. 5 0C. The pressure is 2 bars, and assumed to be constant. Since the temperature leaving the vaporizer is not enough for the reaction a pre-heater was used. The unit is working at 2 bars, and assumed to be constant. The entrance and leaving temperatures are 109. 50 0C and 325 0C. The reactor was the starting point for the calculations. The temperature values for the entering and leaving streams were found from literature, which are 325 0C and 350 0C, respectively. The reaction taken place inside is endothermic, for this reason the reactor has to be heated. For heating, molten salt was used. The pressure is 1. 8 bar, and assumed to be constant. The entrance temperature of the cooler is 350 0C and leaving is 94. 70 0C. For cooling, water was used. Instead of water a refrigerant may be used. Better results may get. But since it costs too much, it wasn’t chosen as the cooling material. From the temperature values it’s easily seen that the load is on the cooler not on the condenser, for this process. But in reality the unit cannot cool that much, and the load is mostly on the condenser. In this process, the mixture cooled down to its dew point. The pressure is 1. 5 bar, and assumed to be constant. The temperature of the entering stream is the dew point and the leaving temperature is the bubble point of the mixture. In the condenser water was used as cooling material. In the calculation of the dew and bubble points Antoine Equation was used. Trial and error was used with the help of Excel. The mixture includes acetone, i-propyl-alcohol, water and hydrogen. But hydrogen was not taken into consideration in the calculations. Since the condensation temperature of hydrogen is very low, it is not condense in the condenser. It stays in this for this reasons it has no effect on bubble and dew point calculations. Also since it does not affect the temperature calculations it’s not taken into consideration on mole and mass fraction calculations. The leaving and entering temperatures are 94. 70 0C and 81 0C, respectively. The pressure is 1. 5 bar, and assumed to be constant. Flash unit was assumed to be isothermal, for this reason temperature was not changed. It is 81 0C in the entrance and exit. The pressure is 1. 5 bar, and assumed to be constant. By trial and error method, (V / F) value was found to be 0. 2. The entrance temperature of the unit is the bubble point of the mixture, but if it was its dew point the (V/F) value would be much higher. Scrubber was assumed to be adiabatic. The temperature of water entering the unit was assumed to be 25 0C. The temperature of the off gas, including hydrogen and a very little amount of acetone, was assumed to 70 0C. But this assumption is too high, a lower temperature should have been assumed, since a lot of water is used in the unit. It should have been around 40 0C – 50 0C. The temperature of the leaving stream was found to be 28. 10 0C. The pressure of the unit is 1.. 5 bar, and assumed to be constant. The streams leaving the scrubber and flash unit are mixed together before entering the acetone column. The temperature leaving the flash unit and scrubber are 81 0C and 28. 10 0C, respectively. The temperature of the mixture was found to be 45 0C. This result was getting by using energy balance around the mixing point. The acetone column is used to separate the acetone from the mixture. The entrance temperature is 45 0C. The leaving temperatures for the top and bottom product are 102. 3 and 105, respectively, which are the bubble and dew points. Top product of the unit includes acetone i-propyl-alcohol and 99wt% of the product is acetone. This amount is assumed to be the desired acetone production rate, which is 115000 ton/year. From the bottom i-propylalcohol water and a very little amount of, 0,1 %, acetone is discharged. The pressure is 1. 1 bar, and assumed to be constant. In the distillation column, i-propyl-alcohol and water are separated. The entrance temperature is 105 0C. The leaving temperatures of the top and bottom products are both 111. 50 0C. The top product is recycled to the feed drum. For this reason it’s assumed to have the same concentration with the feed stream. But in reality a very little amount of acetone exists in the stream. It’s calculated but neglected on the recycle stream calculations. The bottom product is assumed to be pure water and it’s thrown away. Since its temperature is very high it cannot be recycled to the scrubber. But if a cooler is used, a recycle can be used. The pressure is 1. 1 bar, and assumed to be constant.

A Day in the Life of Brent Dorsey

1. What alternatives are available to Brent in regards to the audit of payables? What are the pros and cons of each alternative? a. One alternative that Brent go do is ask the accountant from Northwest Steel Producers to pull the needed invoices and have them ready in a reasonable time period for review. By doing this it would save Brent time from searching for specific invoices and leave him more time to focus on other audit issues. b. Brent could do as subjected and only pull a minimum amount and take the change of being caught.The pros of this would be that Brent would be able to complete the accounts payable a little sooner but the cons would be that the audit would not be complete and the audit report could have the possibility of not be accurate. I would not recommend this alternative. c. Brent could audit all the payables as required and follow the AICPA regulations. The pros would be that Brent has not violated any regulations and would maintain his job and maintained his eth ical responsibilities. The cons would be that Brent would have to work harder and spend more time working and less time with his wife. . What consequences for Brent, the auditing firm, and others involved, may arise from â€Å"eating time,† as Scott suggested? Similarly, what consequences for Brent, the auditing firm, and others involved, may arise from not completing audit procedures, as Megan suggested? The consequences from â€Å"eating time† as Scott suggested would cause production reports to be incorrect and also would suggest that in the future the CPA firm could possibly perform the audit on a tighter schedule next year.Now if Brent was to follow Megan’s suggestion the auditing firm would not be providing the audit review that is expected and the audit report would be considered incomplete. 3. In your opinion, which of Brent’s alternative courses of action would provide the best outcome and why? What should Brent do? How would you handle the ethic al issues involved in this situation? I feel that Brent’s alternative course of action of calling it a night now and going home and spending time with his wife then getting up early in the morning and going at it again would be the best choice of action based on the alternatives that have been presented.The ethical issues involved in this situation is to not perform the audit under expectations because he is unhappy on the choices he has been given and the choice that has been made. 4. What could John Peters and the other auditors do to better handle the demands of career and family life? John Peters and the other auditors could hire some other associates to provide assistance in the audits which would relieve some of the demands of career and leave more time with family life.

Lead And Manage A Team Within A Health Care And Social Care Setting

A team is a group of people working together in a related field to achieve an agreed goal, target or objective. In order to attain the overall goal activities and tasks are shared between the team members with give individuals their roles and responsibilities. The feature of an effective team performance include the factors that the describe the team structure and the process that enables goal achievement. Communication : Communication is a process through which information is passed from an encoder to a decoder through and agreed channel, which has a feed back loop.Given that all enabling conditions that eliminates barriers to effective information or date transition and feedback are in place. Effective communication is an important feature of an effective team performance, it enable the definition of the problem or overall goal to every members of the team, it also enable communication that define roles and responsibilities of every member and methods of operation, feedback, suppor t and reassessment of team and individual tasks or needs.An effective team permanence must have a structure, heirachy that enables decision making, delegation of duties, monitoring and motivation channels, support, training and supervision of team members. There must be a chair, leader or manager of the team who takes overall responsibilities and co-ordination of activities. Team cohesion is important to ensure that communication remain sustainable and effective. Therefore there also has to be a good conflict management plan – process and procedure to eliminate break down in work processes.Definition of roles and responsibilities this enables delegated duties to be clear and monitorable. Every individual is clear about what to do, their deadline and how to obtain support when required. Support and supervision a team must have access to training support and supervision available for all members, through meeting that evaluate work processes and individual performances thereby e nabling teams to meet their goal. 1. 2 Identify the challenges experienced by developing teamsTeams that are developing can have problems at the beginning these may include: impact of the feature and structure in team management. Communication Impact of communiction on the team process know what to report, when and in what format to report to the rest of the team. The team has to agree on these elements to facilitate the process for the team. Barriers in communication can affect team cohesion and slow down pace of work. Roles and responsibilities Defning roles and responsibilities how to determing an even share of taskes within the team members.Which one is delegated tasks, how to agree and set deadlines. Overlapping roles can have the problem of deciding who does what and who job it is questions. Team member performances Poorly performing team members can be a challenging in meeting deadlines and achieving the overall goal. The team leader sometimes may need to re-allocate tasks wi thin team, take on extra tasks, training and supervising of members of the team, which can impact on the team leader’s meeting up with his own roles/ tasks. 1. 3 Identify the challenges experiences by established teamsControlling and managing experts and expert opinion. A team with mixed skilled and experts may have difficulties agreeing on opinions and some times reaching a decisions Controlling deviations The team leader or manager has to monitor activities regularly and monitor performances to ensure that target is met and cost and expenditures are within budget. Dealing with risks Monitoring and controlling risks that can impact on the achievement of goals to deadline, assessing and reducing risks and also taking risk actions to ensure achievement of the goal. Dealing with emergencies that impacts on work processThe team has to decide on how to deal with emergencies, risks and uncertainties and how they impact on the overall objective of the team. Changes and re-planning processes Decided on how to implement changes and addressing issues and re-planning implementation plans. Also co-ordinating activities of every member of the team, collating work products into the whole or overall goal can be a big challenge to the team and the leader or manager of the team. 1. 4 Explain how challenges to effective team performance can be overcome Challenges to effective team performance can be overcome by :Increasing communication – team have to meet as often as possible to discuss issues of concern. Team has to clearly define methods and channels of communication to ensure that the right information is available at the right time, in the right form through the right channel for effective use and feed backs give timely. Conflict resolution policy Team has to agree on the methods to which conflicts can be resolved within the group, this has to be addressed as soon as possible to enhance team cohesion and progress team effort towards achieving its goals.The t eam manager has to provide support and supervision to team members, the manager to also ensure that all delegated duties are supervised where necessary, provide training to members in order to facilitate their ability to contribute to team effort in meeting the teams overall objectives. Team to ensure a member of the team is assigned to monitor, reports and and implement risk management plans. Monitor and report all concerns and issues arising timely for team deliberation and decision making. 1. 5 Analyse how different management styles may influence outcomes of team performanceManagement styles are methods used by manager for administration in the work environments, different managers have there preferred approached based on their belief or experience in the use of managerial theories or concepts. The main aim of management is to meet goals and achieve planned targets i. e profit making, therefore approached can be altered depending on the situation and volatility of the environmen t. Management styles include: taylorism, fayolism, the hawthorne effect, needs and motives, complex man, management by objectives.Taylorism – this is scientific management, which concept called is ‘one best way’ to task performance. The idea that is that management make decisions and direct the staff to carry decisions out, without any fear or favor or emotional attachment – thought or input, discretion of staff. This leads to standard method of task performance leading to uniformity of actions and outcomes, speeds up production and increase expertise. Additional advantage is that, it help in the staff selection process thereby ensure that only required skills are sort for and employed.As a result the team will achieve its objectives early enough and a good outcome as the members are expert in the field. Team members are trained to follow only standard procedure for their tasks. b) Fayolism Outcome will differ if the managers have the qualities as describe d by Fayol such as : Health and vigor, Cleverness, Moral qualities, General knowledge (culture), Management capacity and Notions about other functions (activities) and The strongest skills in the function managed If the managers have these qualities they will then be able to meet the required principle such as: Division of work, Authority, Discipline, Unity ofcommand, Unity of direction, Subordination of Individual Interests to the Common Interest, Remuneration of personnel, Centralization, Scalar chain, Order, Equity, Stability of personnel tenure, Initiative and Esprit de corps (Union is strength). The outcome is likely to be more productive, timely and good quality of outcome as every member have common interests and order in the team. Collective sharing of work load and responsibilities help to meet target sooner.The Hawthorne Effect – This is the management style that believe that a happy worker is a good worker. Is concept central on providing a good working environment and opportunity for staff, thereby encouraging them to work harder and give their best. The outcomes of team working in this environment is that the team are happy together working in the environment individual and collective motivation enable people put in their best, and improve performance.

Union-Management Relationships in Perspective Essay

Union-Management Relationships in Perspective - Essay Example The main people involved in the labor relationships are management and the union. There are other groups of people who are affected but not to a great extent. Labor relationships in the United States involve the following three assumptions. First, there is a conflict of interest between employees and employers. Employees aim at increasing their personal wealth through higher wages and safer working environments whereas the main of a goal of the management is to increase the returns. This results in a conflict of interest between the two parties. The second assumption that is made is that employees have a right to pursue their employment interests within the parameters of the law in a free society. This is usually not the case since employees usually face some constraints which deter them from fully pursuing their rights. Finally, employees are not required to join a labor union but if the majority of the employee group wants to join a union they should be permitted but in most cases, employees belong to a union. The performance of the economy affects the bargaining item. The focus when the economy is doing well will be different from when the economy is downsizing. International forces also influence bargaining in one way or another since no single economy operates in isolation. In the past few years, union membership has decreased. There have been various labor organizations, the earliest ones dating to early 1900. Prior to World War I there were three major national labor organizations. They were the Knights of Labor (KOL), the American Federation of Labor and the Industrial Workers of the World. The KOL opposed spreading of technology in a bid to protect its members from being replaced by machines. The American Federation of Labor major goal was to improve the material conditions of its members through the existing capitalistic system.

HRMD 665- MANAGING VIRTUAL AND GLOBAL TEAMS Research Paper

HRMD 665- MANAGING VIRTUAL AND GLOBAL TEAMS - Research Paper Example The start of video conferencing has marked an era wherein the virtual environment has been created, resulting in the converging of ideas and viewpoints of business people present at different points across the globe. The formation of such virtual teams has resulted in revolutionizing key business decision making and communication, very simple and effective. Thus virtual teams are the teams that have been formed by the HR department of the organization, with an aim to achieve the goals of the organization. (Eric 2010) In the case of the Human Resource wing of the organization, the creation of such virtual teams which has got a global reach will make it very effective and this indeed plays a very significant role in the speedy development of the strategies and plans, which can be communicated within seconds. Thus the evolution and creation of the virtual teams has resulted in the speedy exchange of ideas, time saving, increase in the commitment of the team members and the improvement o f trust. (Levi 2007) Though before the development of the internet the virtual teams were considered impossible, today they have been considered as a solid reality. Thus when compared to the other face to face teams present in the organization, the virtual teams are very well considered by most of the industrial and business experts, as the one that can add more value to the existing teams and its structures. The traditional structures found in common business and industrial firms have been the lightweight, tiger and heavyweight teams. Hence for any organization to develop a very good virtual team, the HR department has to play a very important role and take much effort for the formation of a very successful team. (Duarte & Snyder 2006) For the virtual team to become very highly successful, the presence of good teamwork is a primary requirement. Hence for the virtual team’s success the main ingredients that has been formulated by the HR team is the creation of a very good cul ture as well as infrastructure, which imparts very easily understandable guide for the knowledge and development of skills. Thus when compared to the face to face teams, the virtual team is gathering a very speedy acceptance and application to most of the industries and the academic institutions worldwide. (Duarte & Snyder 2006) Most of the countries are becoming technologically advanced and this has led to the virtual teams to become much stronger and also to be considered as the best means of communication and decision making network due to which it has become a norm for the organizations all over the world. The HR of the modern day organizations, find it very easy and useful to recruit the team members of the virtual teams, which results in the successful and speedy selection of the best and the highly talented individuals across the globe and also the retention of such virtual teams and the team members for a longer period of time. (Konradt & Hoch 2007) The HR of such organizati ons also takes the utmost care to develop such individuals over a period of time, with an idea of turning them into assets for the organization. Since most all the team members present in the virtual teams can be contacted almost at the same time through the global network, instantaneous interaction and views can be exchanged between them, which show the universality of the virtual te

Explore the Causes of the Current Financial Crisis That Started in Essay

Explore the Causes of the Current Financial Crisis That Started in 2007 - Essay Example There are various causes for this crisis and this paper shall explore these causes as well as the theoretical views which seem to be relevant in explaining its causes. Body The global financial crisis which started in 2007 is considered one of the most disastrous economic issues the world has ever experienced. In so many ways, it is being likened to the Great Depression seen in 1929, as well as the Russian crisis in 1992 (Banking Law Committee, 2009). Most countries also seem to agree that the main cause of the crisis was the credit boom and the increase in housing prices. As the 2007 was starting to loom over the global market, the US ratio of debt to national income went up by 100% or from 3.75-4.75 to one (Banking Law Committee, 2009). At about the same time, the house prices also increased at a rate of 11% per year. Since 2007, the global market has been hit with various developments which were rooted on the earlier issues on the unfavourable performance of sub-prime mortgages in the US (Banking Law Committee, 2009). The housing boom was followed by a bust which then caused defaults and collapse of mortgages thereby causing financial turmoil. Financial institutions have been met with losses which amounted to billions of dollars and are still continuing to do so (Banking Law Committee, 2009). ... The gravity and the volume of negative financial outcomes at that time, coupled with the impotency of the remedies being carried out also forced the authorities to consider the origins of the crisis and the market tools by which the crisis could be contained and managed. The causes of the financial crisis which started in 2007 shall be considered below. Mortgage lending was considered as one of the main causes of the 2007 financial crisis. Before the crisis, abundant credit, low interest rates, and increased housing prices, the lending conditions were so relaxed that people started to buy houses they could not afford (Murphy, 2008). As prices started to fall and loans were being called in, the shock spread throughout the entire system. The housing bubble also made the crisis worse and the Federal Reserve allowed housing prices to increase at sustainable and impractical rates. As the bubble burst, the crisis was triggered (Labonte, 2007). There was also a lack of transparency and acco untability in mortgage finance. There were numerous bad mortgages throughout the system as well as selling of bad securities. Lenders could sell mortgages to home owners and not feel any accountability for it; this pattern was also seen among brokers, realtors, and individuals in rating agencies as well as other market participants (Jickling, 2010). The crashing housing prices impacted on household wealth, including the spending and defaults on loans by lending institutions. Housing prices from 2000 to 2006 doubled and later subsequently collapsed. The housing bubble was caused by a long period of low interest rates offered by the Federal Reserve and these monetary policies were too permissive for too

What is globalization, and what are some of the traditional Essay

What is globalization, and what are some of the traditional international trade theories that support the concept of globalization - Essay Example Vincent points out that the present form of globalization is defective as it is largely shaped by the rules made by the superpowers and that is why these rules do not necessarily benefit the developing countries. (Friedman 1992). Globalisation has come to involve a delocalization of business activities which previously involved face-to-face interaction, or that were local, due to long distances. This significant delocalization has occurred in the social and economic exchanges and cultural barriers have been accordingly broken). Business and commerce has taken the most effect from this phenomena as the internet has proven to be a tool on Globalisation as e-commerce has revolutionized the entire business scene and broken the notion of geographical boundaries. Globalisation brings with it low costs and through better networking and transport better business networking is possible.The cost of disseminating information has reduced due to the advent of instantaneous

Character analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Character analysis - Essay Example â€Å"Never forget what you are. The rest of the world will not. Wear it like armor and it can never be used to hurt you† (Martin, 56). The dialogue is from George R.R Martin’s series, A ‘Song of Ice and Fire’, spoken by Tyrion Lannister, one of the most fascinating characters who carry a remarkable astuteness and intricate personality in the book. Apparently, his words indicate the great hopes and strong self-esteem that he possessed despite being a dwarf and believed that his physical disability does not imply his inability to deliver in life. Through his moving and treasured way of speaking, Tyrion shows outstanding ability of prudence and intuition. â€Å"As the most grandest creation† of the author Tyrion’s ambitions vitalizes on his unique perspective and open the new page of history on the great performance of a dwarf in media. Commendably, Tyrion sojourns on to attest that indeed the adversaries linked to his dwarfism can be overcome ( Ben, 01). Moreover, to fully comprehend the complexity and uniqueness of the characteristics of Tyrion, one must discern his childhood background. As a â€Å"high born dwarf† in an extremely dignified and arrogant family who had controlled their governance over seven kingdoms, Tyrion was not a son with interminable elegance and fondness. On the contrary, he has been depicted as a â€Å"midget† or â€Å"imp† who has been made an outcast by other characters in his family (Abraham et al., 116). Among different reasons behind people’s hatred towards Tyrion includes the death of his mother while she was giving birth to him. Tyrion Lannister does not share a strong bond with his only sister named Cersei Lannister. Nevertheless, his brother Jamie Lannister has a lot of compassion for Tyrion for which he has helped him throughout the novel. Additionally, the community of the Lannisters immensely ostracized Tyrion because he was expected to be